LIPIDS Flashcards by jefrey collado

Are solid at room temp and can raise bad cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease

SATURATED FATS

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These fats are commonly found in animal products like meat and dairy, as well as processed foods

SATURATED FATS

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are healthy fats found in foods like nuts and avocados, known to improve heart health

UNSATURATED FATS

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These fats remain liquid at room temp and help lower bad cholesterol levels in the body

UNSATURATED FATS

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these are groups of naturally occuring organize materials that include fats, oils and waxes

LIPIDS

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TRUE OR FALSE

Lipids are hydrophilic

FALSE, lipids are hydrophobic

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building blocks of lipids

FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL

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recommended diet of fats

15-25%

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BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

A. Structural components of the cell membrane
B. Serves as a storage form of energy or as a source of
energy.
C. Emulsifying agents
D. Regulators of vital organs, protecting them from
mechanical shock and maintaining optimum body
temperature.
E. Serves as insulating materials ang give shape and
smooth appearance to the body.
F. Modulators of physiologic activity such as steroid
hormones and eicosanoids
G. Facilitates absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK)
H. Protein-sparing function
I. Contributes flavour and palatability to the diet.

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Consist of long chains of
hydrocarbons to which a
carboxyl group is attached.

FATTY ACIDS

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Building blocks of most lipids

FATTY ACIDS

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They vary in length and degree
of saturation
– generally up to
26 carbons long.

FATTY ACIDS

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Double bonds in fatty acids
usually have the ________
configuration.

CIS

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Saturated fatty acids contain
hydrocarbon chains connected
by ____________

SINGLE BONDS

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Contains two or more
double bonds of
hydrocarbon chains

UNSATURATED FATTY
ACIDS

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MUFA stands for?

MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

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PUFA stands for?

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

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Necessary for our
growth and nutrition

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

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reduces blood cholesterol level

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

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Contains C=C double
bonds

ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS

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Linoleic Acid(LA)

Omega-6 fatty acid

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Reduces blood clotting
tendency and reduced
blood pressure.

Omega-6 fatty acid

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Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
– found in plants

Omega-3 fatty acid

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Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
– found in _________

plants

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Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) – found in animals

Omega-3 fatty acid

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) – found in _________

ANIMALS

LA stands for?

LINOLEIC ACID

ALA stands for?

ALPHA-LINOLEIC ACID

EPA stands for?

EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID

DHA stands for?

DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID

Any group of structurally related hormone-like derived from arachidonic acid, including prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and thromboxane.

ECOSANOIDS

4 main groups of lipids

FATTY ACIDS GLYCERIDES NONGLYCERIDES COMPLEX LIPIDS

classification of lipids

TRIGLYCERIDE NONGLYCERIDE LIPIDS COMPOUND LIPIDS DERIVED LIPIDS

Considered as the most plentiful lipids in the body and our diet.

TRIGLYCERIDES

They are the basic unit of fat, consisting of glycerol and fatty acids.

TRIGLYCERIDES

fats and oils are examples of what classification of lipids?

SIMPLE LIPIDS (TRIGLYCERIDES)

This type of fat is consisting of saturated fatty acid and contains all the hydrogen that it possibly can.

SATURATED FATS

Considered as the most “dangerous” type of fat

SATURATED FATS

this fat is Difficult to metabolize, causing weight gain.

SATURATED FATS

This type of fat is healthier than saturated fat and is believed to reduce risk of heart diseases.

UNSATURATED FATS

Oleic Acid “Omega-9” is an example of?

Monounsaturated fats

Contain monounsaturated fatty acids and may be obtained from olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, avocados, soybeans, corn, and most nuts.

Monounsaturated fats

Lowers levels of “bad” cholesterol

Monounsaturated fats

Include soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, seeds, nuts, dark green vegetables, and fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and mackerel.

Polyunsaturated fats

Lowers levels of total cholesterol

Polyunsaturated fats

These are unsaturated fats with bend tails, and are common in fast foods, fried foods, and many snack products. The risk of heart disease is even higher in trans fats than saturated fats.

TRANS FATS/ HYDROGENATED FATS

A process in which hydrogen is added to unsaturated fats to make it more solid and more resistant to chemical changes like spoiling.

HYDROGENATION

Since it increases the saturation of fats, it can cause a fat to lose its unsaturated health benefits.

HYDROGENATION

▪ “Base hydrolysis” ▪ “Alkaline hydrolysis” ▪ Products: glycerol and fatty acid salts (soap) o NaOH – used with saturated fats to produce hard soaps o KOH – used with unsaturated fats to produce softer, more liquid soaps

SAPONIFICATION

Composed of long fatty acid chains esterified to long – chains of alcohols and cover the feathers of some aquatic birds and leaves of some plants.

WAXES

__________ prevent water from sticking on the surface of some plants since they are hydrophobic

WAXES

These are lipids with fused ring structure.

STEROIDS

true or false Many steroids also have -OH functional group.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE All steroids have four linked carbon rings and several of them have a short tail.

TRUE

Lipids containing additional component in addition to fatty acids ang glycerol

COMPOUND LIPIDS (complex lipids)

The major components of the outermost layer of animal cells, plasma membrane.

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

It is composed of two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group that is attached to a glycerol backbone.

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Carbohydrates attached to lipids

GLYCOLIPIDS

Glycerol + fatty acids + carbohydrates

GLYCOLIPIDS

Help in determining the blood group of an individual

GLYCOLIPIDS

Composed of lipids and protein

LIPOPROTEINS

Transport dietary fat and cholesterol from the digestive tract. Much of the fat is deposide in the fat and muscle tissue

Chylomicrons

Delivery of fat and cholesterol from the liver to tissue throughout the body.

Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) (Density: 0.95-1.019 g/mL)

Deposit cholesterol in tissue throughout the body. High levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) (Density: 1.019-1.063 g/mL) “bad cholesterol”

Circulate and pick up cholesterol from tissue throughout the body. High levels are associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseas

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) (Density: 1.063-1.210 g/mL) “high cholesterol”

LIPOPROTEINS that are Removed from the blood by the liver

Chylomicrons

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

▪ Desirable : <200 mg/dl ▪ Borlderline hyperlipidemia: 200 – 239 mg/dl ▪ Hyperlipidemia: > 240 mg/dl ▪ Favorable LDL: <130 mg/dl ▪ Favorable HDL: >35 mg/dl

LIPIDS Flashcards

(67 cards)