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lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Esters of long chain of fatty acids and alcohols

A

lipids

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2
Q

Compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

A

Lipids

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3
Q

Uses of lipids

A

Emollients
Cathartic
Soap production
Increase caloric value in TPN
Vehicle for IM injection CoCoPeSe

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4
Q

Classes of lipids

A

Fats
Volatile oils
waxes

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5
Q

Esters of fatty acid + glycerol

A

fats

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6
Q

Fats are solid except

A

Cod liver oil

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7
Q

Source of fats

A

Animals

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8
Q

function of fats

A

Energy storage

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9
Q

Fixed oils are liquid except

A

theobroma

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10
Q

Sources of fixed oils

A

Plants

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11
Q

Esters of fatty acids + high molecular weight monohydric alcohol

A

waxes

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12
Q

Source of waxes

A

Plants and animals

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13
Q

Waxes can be Solid, semi solid liquid except

A

Jojoba oil

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14
Q

Function of waxes

A

Protection, cosmetics

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Properties of fixed oils and fats

A
  • greasy
  • oily stain upon the filter paper
  • lighter than water
  • Soluble in organic solvents
  • undergoes saponification
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17
Q

When heated strongly what happens o fixed oils and fats

A

Decomposition occurs and production of acrid flammable vapors
Due to formation of acrolein or propenal

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18
Q

Most abundant saturated fatty acid

A

Palmitic acid

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19
Q

Indicates the presence of free fatty acids

A

Acid value or acid number

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20
Q

Number of mg of KOH required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 g of substance

A

Acid value or acid number

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21
Q

Formula for acid value number

A

Acid value number = mg KOH need to neutralize free fatty acids/
1 g of sample

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22
Q

High acid values arise in

A

Rancidified oils

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23
Q

Low values are officially specified for those oils to be used in

A

Parenteral dosage forms

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24
Q

Aka koettsdorfer number

A

Saponification value/number

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25
Serves to detect the presence of the glycerides
Saponification value
26
# of mg of KOH required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the ester contained in 1 g of subtance
Saponification value
27
Formula for saponification value
=mg of KOH need to neutralize free FA and saponify esters/ 1 g of sample
28
Difference between the saponification and acid values
Ester value
29
Formula for Ester value
= mg KOH need to **saponify** free fatty acids/ 1 g of sample
30
Indicates the unsaturation of unsaturated fatty acids
Iodine number
31
# of grams of iodine absorbed by 100g of the substance
Iodine number
32
Formula for iodine number
=1 g of iodine absorbed/ 100g of sample
33
Oils which partially resinify o exposure to air are known as
Semi drying or drying oils
34
Example of drying oil
Linseed oil
35
Oils that have high iodine values
Semi drying or drying oils like linseed oil
36
When exposed to air, drying oils undergo _/_/_/_/_/
Oxidation *With the formation of a tough, hard film upon exposure to air.*
37
Non drying iodine values range and 2 examples
<100 Olive almond
38
Semi drying iodine values range and example
100-120 Cottonseed, sesame
39
Drying oil iodine value and example
>120 Linseed oil Cod liver oil
40
Number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid freed by hydrolysis of the acetylated fat or other substance
Acetyl value
41
Indicates the presence of hydroxyl groups
Hydroxyl value
42
Peroxide value is use for
Fish oil
43
Anisidine value used principally for the evaluation of
Fish oil with cod liver oil
44
Fixed oils undergo secondary oxidation to give peroxides that then generate aldehydes and ketones
Peroxide value and anisidine value
45
Using hydrolic press
expression
46
Extraction for vegetable oils
expression
47
Processed without heat
Cold press Cold pressed oils/ virgin oils
48
Extraction for fats
Rendering
49
Using steam until fat melts and rises to the top
rendering
50
In rendering what is used to bleach
ozone
51
How is rendering cleared
filtration
52
How is rendering separate fat
Decantation
53
Using non-polar solventsto extract sample
Solvent extraction
54
Where is lanolin from
Wool - ovis aries
55
What are the ac of lanolin
Hydrous lanolin and anhydrous lanolin
56
Where is hydrous lanolin used
Ointment base
57
Where is anhydrous lanolin use
Absorbable ointment base
58
How many percent of water has hydrous lanolin
25-30%
59
Where is cod liver oil from
Cod fish - gaddus morrhuae
60
Ac of cod liver oil
Myristic acid Palmitic acid
62
Uses of cod liver oil
Sodium morrhuate - sclerosing agent Source of vitamin A n D
63
Where is butterfat from
Cow's milk - bos Taurus
64
Where is lard from
Pig fat - sus scrofa
65
Suet origin
Beef tallow and mutton tallow
66
Water soluble B - growth promoting factor
Butter fat
67
Origin of undecylenic acid
Pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid from castor oil
68
Use of undecylenic acid
Anti fungal
69
Animal waxes (2)
Spermaceti beeswax
70
Spermaceti origin
Head of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
71
A synthetic spermaceti
Cetyl ester wax
72
Uses of spermaceti
Quality emollient and cold cream
73
Forms of beeswax
Yellow wax- not bleached White wax - bleached
74
Origin of beeswax
Honeycomb of Appis mellifera
75
Constituent of beeswax
Myricyl palmitate
76
Where can beeswax be used
Stiffening agent
77
2 plant wax
Jojoba oil Carnauba wax
78
Only liquid wax
Jojoba oil
79
Origin of jojoba oil
Simmondsia chinensis fam: buxaceae
80
Constituent of jojoba oil
Eicosenoic acid
81
Uses of jojoba oil
emollient
82
Origin of carnauba wax
Copernicia prunifera
83
Uses of carnauba wax
Candle, wax varnishes
84
Substitute for beeswax
Carnauba wax
85
Constituent of carnauba wax
Myricyl cerotate
86
Saturated FA
Capric Lauric Myristic Palmitic Stearic Arachidic
87
What is cod liver oil
A liquid animal fat

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