Lipids Flashcards
What are organic compounds?
Contain carbon, made from living organisms
Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
What are inorganic compounds?
Do not contain carbon, are not made from living things
Examples include water, minerals, and trace elements.
What are carbohydrates made of?
Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms
They are used for cellular respiration, structural support, and storage.
What is the smallest unit of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Examples include glucose, galactose, fructose, and ribose.
What forms when two monosaccharides join?
Disaccharide
Examples include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
What forms when three or more monosaccharides join?
Polysaccharide
Examples include starch and cellulose.
How are polysaccharides formed?
Dehydration synthesis
They are soluble in water.
What are proteins made from?
Atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
They are used for structural support, energy storage, and transport within cells.
What is the smallest unit of proteins?
Amino acids
Each amino acid contains an amino group and an acid group.
What are examples of proteins?
Enzymes, hair, cytoskeletons
Proteins are generally soluble in water.
How many amino acids are needed to make proteins?
20 amino acids
They include nonessential (synthesized by the body) and essential (must be obtained from diet) amino acids.
What are the bonds linking amino acids called?
Peptide bonds
A short chain of amino acids is called a peptide, while a long chain is a polypeptide.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Data storage in living organisms
They provide instructions needed for cell replication and protein building.
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Nucleotides are the monomers that form polynucleotides like RNA and DNA.
What are nucleotides made up of?
A base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
What are lipids made from?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
They store energy and are used for insulation.
What are the types of lipids?
Fats and oils, steroids, phospholipids
Fats and oils are also known as triglycerides.
