Lipids Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are fatty acids?
Fatty acids are organic compounds composed of long chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
A triglyceride consists of one glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids via ester bonds.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
What are the two types of unsaturated fatty acids?
Monounsaturated fatty acids (one double bond) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (multiple double bonds).
What are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids essential for health, differing in the position of the first double bond from the methyl end.
What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?
Triglycerides serve as a major energy source and are stored in adipose tissue for later use.
How do phospholipids function in the body?
Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes, contributing to membrane structure and function.
What role do sterols play in the body?
Sterols, such as cholesterol, are involved in cell membrane structure, hormone production, and bile acid synthesis.
How are lipids digested and absorbed?
Lipids are emulsified by bile salts, broken down by enzymes like lipase, and absorbed through the intestinal lining into the lymphatic system.
What are major dietary sources of saturated fats?
Animal products (e.g., meat, dairy), tropical oils (e.g., coconut oil, palm oil).
What are major dietary sources of monounsaturated fats?
Olive oil, canola oil, avocados, nuts.
What are major dietary sources of polyunsaturated fats?
Vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, sunflower), fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel), flaxseeds.
What are major dietary sources of trans fats?
Partially hydrogenated oils, processed snack foods, baked goods.
What are major dietary sources of cholesterol?
Animal products, particularly egg yolks and organ meats.
