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Module 2 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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0
Q

Lipids are classified according to what?

A

Their functions

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1
Q

What is the solubility of Lipids?

A

Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents (eg. hexane, ether, benzene). *Acetone (polar) can dissolve polar lipids.

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2
Q

Storage lipids are also called?

A

Neutral Lipids

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3
Q

These are esters of glycerol and fatty acids.

A

Triglycerides/Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

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4
Q

These are storage forms of fatty acids in animals and humans in adipose tissue.

A

Triglycerides/Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

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5
Q

Examples of Triglycerides

A

Fats and Fixed oils

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6
Q

Fats are (solid/liquid) at room temp?

A

Solid

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7
Q

The only fat that is a liquid at room temp.

A

Cod liver oil

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8
Q

Fixed oils are (solid/liquid) at room temp?

A

Liquid

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9
Q

The only solid fixed oil at rm temp.

A

Theobroma oil

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10
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 2 carbon atoms

A

Acetic acid

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11
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 4 carbon atoms

A

Butyric acid

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12
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 6 carbon atoms

A

Caproic acid

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13
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 8 carbon atoms

A

Caprylic acid

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14
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 10 carbon atoms

A

Capric acid

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15
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms

A

Lauric acid

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16
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms

A

Myristic acid

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17
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms

A

Palmitic acid

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18
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms

A

Stearic acid

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19
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms

A

Arachidic acid

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20
Q

Most abundant saturated fatty acid in animals and humans

A

Palmitic acid

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21
Q

What is the meaning of a ‘saturated’ compound?

A

It has no multiple bonds.

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22
Q

What is the meaning of an ‘unsaturated’ compound?

A

It has multiple bonds.

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23
Q

Describe structure of monounsaturated fatty acids and give examples.

A

They have 1 double bond. Examples are palmitoleic acid and oleic acid.

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24
How many carbon atoms does palmitoleic acid have? Where is its double bond found?
16 Carbon atoms, double bond between C9 and C10.
25
How many carbon atoms does oleic acid have? Where is its double bond found?
18 carbon atoms, double bond at 9-10
26
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are also known as?
Essential fatty acids
27
Enumerate the three essential fatty acids.
Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, and Arachidonic acid
28
What is the conditionally essential fatty acid? Why is it only 'conditionally'?
Arachidonic acid. We can synthesize it but its precursor are essential fatty acids (Linoleic and Linolenic acid).
29
Linoleic acid is commonly known as?
Omega-6
30
Linolenic acid is commonly known as?
Omega-3
31
What are the 4 different types of lipids according to function?
Triglycerides/Triacylglycerols (TAGs) Structural Lipids Terpenoids Eicosanoids
32
What are the 3 different fatty acid components of TAGs?
Saturated fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids
33
What are the 2 types of Structural/Natural Lipids?
Triglycerides/Triacylglycerides | Waxes
34
What is the structure of waxes?
Waxes are esters of fatty acids with high MW monohydric alcohols.
35
Give examples of waxes.
Beeswax, Lanolin, Carnauba wax, Spermaceti
36
What is the main function of Structural Lipids?
They are major components of the cell membrane.
37
What are the three types of Structural Lipids?
Phosphoglycerides, Sphingolipids, and Sterols
38
What are the functional groups of Phosphoglycerides?
Phosphoglycerides are esters of glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates, and a polar head group.
39
Which of the functional groups of Structural lipids varies?
The polar head group
40
What is the parent compound of Phosphoglycerides?
Phosphatidic acid with -H as polar head.
41
What is the phosphoglyceride with a polar head of choline?
Phosphatidyl choline
42
What is the phosphoglyceride with a polar head of ethanolomine?
Ethanolamine
43
What is the phosphoglyceride with a polar head of serine?
Phosphatidyl serine
44
Phosphatidyl choline is more commonly known as?
Lecithin
45
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine is more commonly known as?
Cephalin
46
What phosphoglycerides have degradation products that are precursors for 2° messengers?
Phosphatidyl inositol
47
What phosphoglyceride is an important component of cardiolipin?
Phosphatidyl glycerol
48
What are the functional groups of Sphingolipids?
Sphingosine (an alcohol) Fatty acid Polar head group
49
This is the parent of Sphingolipids in relation to structures.
Ceramide
50
What is a ceramide?
Ceramide is the amide of sphingosine and fatty acid.
51
Ceramide + phosphocoline/phosphoethanolamine
Sphingomyelins
52
Sphingomyelins are found where?
Myelin sheath
53
Ceramide + monosaccharide
Cerebrosides
54
Ceramide + disaccharide or neutral oligosaccharide
Globosides
55
Ceramide + charged oligosaccharide
Gangliosides (-)
56
The charged oligosaccharide in gangliosides (-) that gives its (-) charge.
N-acetylneuraminic acid
57
N-acetylneuraminic acid is commonly known as?
Sialic acid
58
What is the charge of cerebrosides and globosides?
Neutral
59
Cholesterols are classified as?
Sterols (under Structural Lipids)
60
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
It controls the rigidity and fluidity.
61
Cholesterol can be found in plants. True/False.
False
62
Cholesterol is a precursor in the synthesis of what?
Steroid hormones and Bile acids
63
Where are bile acids produced? stored?
Bile acids are produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
64
Main function of bile acids.
Fat emusification and digestion
65
Give examples of bile acids derived from cholesterol.
Cholic acid Deoxycholic acid Lithocholic acid Chenodeoxycholic acid
66
What are the transport forms of cholesterol in the body?
Lipoproteins
67
What are the bad cholesterol and good cholesterol?
LDL - bad cholesterol | HDL - good cholesterol
68
This type of lipoprotein is transported to peripheral tissues.
LDL
69
This type of lipoprotein is transported into the liver for metabolism.
HDL
70
These are sterols found in plants.
Sitosterol, Stigmasterol
71
This sterol is found in the cell walls of fungi.
Ergosterol
72
Main structure of steroids
(CPPP) cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene
73
This type of lipids are polymers of isoprene unit.
Terpenoids
74
Example of Terpenoids
Fat soluble vitamins
75
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, K
76
Function of vitamin A
Antioxidant
77
Vitamin E is an anti-aging vitamin because it prevents what?
Lipid peroxidation
78
Function of vitamin K
Blood clotting
79
Eicosanoids are derived from?
Arachidonic acid
80
Eicosanoids that are mediators of pain, fever, and inflammation
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Thromboxanes
81
Thromboxane responsible for platelet aggregation
TXA2

Module 2 (3 decks)

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