Lipids

Question 1

The length of fatty acids (# of carbons)…

Answer 1

affects their solubility

Question 2

Amphiathic

Answer 2

hydrophobic on the inside and hydrophilic on the outside, bile salts are amphipathic

Question 3

Triglycerides

Answer 3

major dietary source of fat, consist of a glycerol backbone wit 3 fatty acids attached

Question 4

Triglycerides are hydrolyzed into ____ in the small intestine

Answer 4

fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol

Question 5

Triglycerides are

Answer 5

hydrophobic

Question 6

not soluble

Answer 6

Triglycerides and other hydrophobic substances are _________ in the aq environment of the intestine

Question 7

Bile salts

Answer 7

a derivative of cholesterol, made by the liver, act as emulsifies to surround the fat and allow them to be broken down and absorbed

Question 8

bile salts and phospholipids are

Answer 8

secreted by the gall bladder where they are stored, amphipathic

Question 9

Colipase

Answer 9

binds to the fat and bile salts around emulsion droplets, breaking triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 10

Micelles

Answer 10

from wen the bile salts reach a concentration greater than the “critical micelles concentration”, below which the bile salts are soluble

Question 11

critical micelle concentration

Answer 11

the concentration of lipid required for micelle formation

Question 12

What is packaged in micelles?

Answer 12

fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, triglycerides

Question 13

Where will micelles be absorbed?

Answer 13

through the microvilli of the intestine

Question 14

micelles formation

Answer 14

polar heads around the outside surrounding the hydrophobic materials within

Question 15

the hormone CCK (cholecystokinin) causes what to happen when the chyme enters the duodenum?

Answer 15

bile salts are released from the gall bladder, enzymes from the pancreas, secretin signals bicarbonate to neutralize pH and allow enzymes to function

Question 16

true or false little fat is lost in faces

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Bile salts _______ be absorbed into the ______v

Answer 17

will not, mucosal cells

Question 18

when will bile salts be reabsorbed?

Answer 18

further down the intestine bile salts will be absorbed to be used again in another digestive cycle

Question 19

what chains of fatty acids do not require bile salts for absorption? Why?

Answer 19

medium and short. because water soluble, can enter blood and be transported to the liver bound to albumin

Question 20

Chylomicrons

Answer 20

largest lipoproteins and contain the greatest proportion of trigylcerids. Within the blood that have come from the digestive tract

Question 21

when lipids are reassembled into triglycerides they will be what?

Answer 21

packaged with protein to allow travel in water-based blood

Question 22

how do chylomicrons travel?

Answer 22

first into the lymphatic system, enter the bloodstream through the thoracic duct

Question 23

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Answer 23

• fat delivery system from the liver

smaller tan chylomicrons, but still contain a high proportion of triglycerides

Question 24

HDL

Answer 24

high cholesterol and are the densest lipoprotein due to their high protein content

Question 25

Is insulin released in the fasted state

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Is insulin released in fed state?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

What is lipid mostly

Answer 27

Triglyceride

Question 28

Triglycerides

Answer 28

- glycerol backbone with three fatty acids - makeup of them is dependent on diet - major source of dietary fat

Question 29

When are lingual and gastric lipases most active?

Answer 29

In short and medium fatty acids which would be found in milk

Question 30

What do bile salts do in fats?

Answer 30

Keep them separated and expand the surface a area of the fat to be broken down

Question 31

Where are bile salts and enzymes released from?

Answer 31

Gallbladder

Question 32

Where are enzymes released from?

Answer 32

Pancreas

Question 33

Why is bicarbonate release?

Answer 33

Due to a signal from secretin to neutralize pH and allow enzymes to function

Question 34

What is the absorption of fat soluble substances depending on?

Answer 34

Presence of dietary fats

Question 35

LPL

Answer 35

- lines the capillaries in muscle and adipose tissue | - breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and takes the fatty acids into the adipose tissue and muscle

Question 36

Excess carbs and proteins

Answer 36

Make fat leading to LDL

Question 37

What does LDL need?

Answer 37

Receptor mediated process to get taken from the blood

Question 38

What is cholesterol’s polarity?

Answer 38

Extremely non polar

Question 39

Is cholesterol soluble?

Answer 39

Is insoluble in water and needs to be transported with lipoproteins

Question 40

Where are bike salts made and stored?

Answer 40

Made in liver, stored in gallbladder

Question 41

Bile salts polarity

Answer 41

Lots of rings with C and H but have OH giving polarity

Question 42

What are lipids mainly made up of?

Answer 42

triglycerides

Question 43

What do lipases break down?

Answer 43

break down triglycerides (glycerol and 3 fatty acids)

Question 44

When lipids break down triglycerides what do they break them down to?

Answer 44

take 2 fatty acids off and leave the middle 1 (monoglyceride)

Question 45

When triglycerides are broken down what happens to them?

Answer 45

taken in enterocytes and made back into triglycerides and packaged in chylomicrons and delivered to the body

Question 46

Because our bodies are a water based system what do we need to transport proteins and phospholipids?

Answer 46

lipoproteins that are soluble in water

Question 47

Do chylomicrons circulate in the blood?

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

Lipoproteins lipase

Answer 48

breaks down triglycerides in the chylomicrons and allow fatty acids to be taken up by muscle and adipose tissue

Question 49

What does the makeup of triglycerides in our body depend on?

Answer 49

what we eat in our diet

Question 50

What is the major dietary source of fat?

Answer 50

triglycerides