Lipids and Lipids Metabolism (TOPIC 1)

Question 1

Also known as Fats.

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Lipids or Fats contain?

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO).

Question 3

Water insoluble hence they are transported in the blood by lipoproteins.

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

1 gram of fat=

Answer 4

9 kilocalories.

Question 5

Rich source of energy compared to carbohydrates.

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

Forms the structural membrane of the cells (phospholipid bilayer).

Answer 6

Lipids

Question 7

Precursors of hormone production (steroid hormones).

Answer 7

Lipids

Question 8

Types of lipids

Answer 8

Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol

Question 9

The building blocks of lipids.

Answer 9

Fatty acids

Question 10

Consist of hydrocarbons with COOH (carboxyl) terminal group.

Answer 10

Fatty acids

Question 11

Found in triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids.

Answer 11

Fatty acids

Question 12

Fatty Acids exist in 2 forms in the blood

Answer 12

Fatty Acid Esters
Free Fatty Acids

Question 13

bound to triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids.

Answer 13

Fatty acid esters (majority)-

Question 14

not bound to any molecule and transported by albumin.

Answer 14

Free fatty acids (unesterified)-

Question 15

Types of fatty acids

Answer 15

Saturated fatty acids-
Unsaturated fatty acids-

Question 16

fatty acids with NO double bond. Linear hydrocarbon chain.

Answer 16

Saturated fatty acids-

Question 17

fatty acid with double bond. Bent hydrocarbon chains.

Answer 17

Unsaturated fatty acids-

Question 18

hydrogen at the same side of C=C bond

Answer 18

Cis form-

Question 19

means the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule of fat.

Answer 19

Saturated

Question 20

Solid state at room temperature.

Answer 20

Saturated fatty acids

Question 21

Found in animal fat such as milk, meat and butter others are vegetable oil and coconut oil.

Answer 21

Saturated fatty acids

Question 21

High melting point and higher shelf-life.

Answer 21

Saturated fatty acids

Question 22

Synthesized in the body.

Answer 22

Saturated fatty acids

Question 23

Examples of Saturated fatty acids

Answer 23

Stearic Acid
Palmitic Acid
Capric Acid
Lauric Acid

Question 24

Lower melting point thus liquid at room temperature.

Answer 24

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 25

Low shelf life. Not ideal for long storage.

Answer 25

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 26

Mostly plant sources like vegetable oil, sunflower oil, mustard oil, avocado oil.

Answer 26

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 27

Examples of Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 27

Linoleic Acid Oleic Acid

Question 28

Types of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 28

Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated

Question 29

1 double bond only in their structure.

Answer 29

Monounsaturated

Question 30

contains more than 1 double bond in their structure

Answer 30

Polyunsaturated

Question 31

Example of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 31

Omega 3 fatty acids Omega 6 fatty acids

Question 32

converting of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids by addition of hydrogen hence straightening the hydrocarbon chain

Answer 32

Hydrogenation

Question 33

Product of Hydrogenation of fatty acids

Answer 33

Trans fat

Question 34

The worst type of fat because it raises the bad cholesterol since no enzyme from the body can metabolized it.

Answer 34

Trans fat

Question 35

hydrogen on the opposite side of C=C. more linear compared to cis unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 35

Trans fat

Question 36

FATTY ACIDS according to number of carbon Short Chain Medium Chain Long Chain Prostaglandins

Answer 36

2-4 carbon atoms 6-10 carbons 12-16 carbons- found in diet Prostaglandins - participate in inflammation and coagulation

Question 37

Consist of 3 fatty acids attached to 1 glycerol by ester bonds.

Answer 37

Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)

Question 38

Main storage form of lipids found in adipose tissue.

Answer 38

Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)

Question 39

exist as oils (unsaturated)

Answer 39

Vegetable source

Question 40

solid at room temperature (saturated)

Answer 40

Animal source

Question 41

no charges

Answer 41

Neutral fats-

Question 42

source of energy, structural membrane of the cells, insulation and shock absorber.

Answer 42

Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)

Question 43

Similar with triglycerides structure except only 2 fatty acids are attached to the glycerol and attached phosphate group serves a head of the molecule.

Answer 43

Phospholipids

Question 44

Most abundant lipids in the body.

Answer 44

Phospholipids

Question 45

It forms a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail thereby attracting both water and fat.

Answer 45

Amphipathic-

Question 46

Composed the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

Answer 46

Phospholipids

Question 47

Types of phospholipid

Answer 47

Lecithin (phosphatidyl choline) Sphingomyelin Cephaline

Question 48

important in the transport of fats in the plasma, brain and general cell structure

Answer 48

Lecithin (phosphatidyl choline)

Question 49

found mostly in brain and nerve tissue. Maintain cell membrane structure.

Answer 49

Sphingomyelin

Question 50

comprises 10% of phospholipids. phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine.

Answer 50

CEPHALINE

Question 51

Consist of 4 rings (A,B,C and D), unsaturated steroid alcohol.

Answer 51

Cholesterols

Question 52

Not a source of energy since it is not already catabolized by cells.

Answer 52

Cholesterols

Question 53

Majority of cholesterol are synthesized by the

Answer 53

Liver

Question 54

most abundant, consist of a cholesterol ring and fatty acids.

Answer 54

Cholesterol esters/esterified cholesterol-

Question 55

Type of cholesterol with no fatty acids attached.

Answer 55

Free cholesterol/unesterified

Question 56

Integral parts of the cell membrane (present in the lipid bilayer).

Answer 56

cholesterol

Question 57

Begins at the small intestine through the action of enzymes and hormones.

Answer 57

Lipid metabolism

Question 57

In the liver it forms into bile acids such as cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid that helps in the absorption of fats in the intestine ( fat emulsification).

Answer 57

cholesterol

Question 58

Precursor for steroid hormones such as adrenal hormones, testosterone and progesterone

Answer 58

cholesterol

Question 59

Precursor of vitamin D which facilitates the absorption of calcium (7-dehydroxycholesterol-Vit D3).

Answer 59

cholesterol

Question 60

Lipid metabolism

Answer 60

Lipolysis Lipogenesis Ketogenesis

Question 61

secreted by the intestine to stimulate lipases and bile.

Answer 61

Cholecystokinin(CCK)

Question 62

emulsify fats. Secreted from the gall bladder.

Answer 62

Bile acids-

Question 63

breaks down triglycerides to fatty acids then to monoglycerides.

Answer 63

Pancreatic lipase-

Question 64

(breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids)

Answer 64

Lipolysis

Question 65

(glucose conversion to fatty acids)

Answer 65

Lipogenesis

Question 66

Occurs in the liver cells, adipose cells and lactating mammary glands.

Answer 66

Lipogenesis

Question 67

(production of ketones)

Answer 67

Ketogenesis

Question 68

primary ketone body in the blood.

Answer 68

β-hydroxybutyrate

Question 69

serve as alternative source of energy of the brain.

Answer 69

Ketones

Question 70

produced in times of low dietary intake of glucose such prolong fasting and starving (physiological).

Answer 70

Ketones

Question 71

Excessive production of ketones are broken down into

Answer 71

CO2 Acetone