Proteins, Protein Structure, Classification of Proteins (TOPIC 2 PROTEINS)

Question 1

Composition of Proteins

Answer 1

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 2

Majority of proteins are synthesized from the?

Answer 2

liver and some in plasma cells (immunoglobulins).

Question 3

The most abundant and important macromolecules in the body.

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

can acts as acids or bases depending on the pH (Zwitterion).

Answer 4

Amphoteric

Question 5

Negatively (-) charge at alkaline pH.

Answer 5

Amino Group

Question 6

Positively (+) charge at acidic pH.

Answer 6

Carboxylic Group

Question 7

Transport Proteins

Answer 7

Albumin
Hemoglobin
Transferrin
Ceruroplasmin

Question 8

pressure exerted by proteins in extracellular fluid. Decrease oncotic results to edema.

Answer 8

Oncotic pressure regulator (albumin)

Question 9

Proteins from the food are breakdown into amino acids via

Answer 9

Hydrolysis

Question 10

Protein catabolism (breakdown) is increased by ?

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids therapy and thyroid hormones

Question 11

Protein anabolism (synthesis) is increased by

Answer 11

androgens, growth hormones and insulin.

Question 12

Proteins primarily synthesized in the liver.

Answer 12

Alpha, beta globulins, fibrinogen and albumin

Question 13

Immunoglobulins (antibodies) are synthesized in the

Answer 13

RTE system specifically the plasma cells.

Question 14

REGULATION: Protein level is regulated by ____, ____ of _____ and _____

Answer 14

diet, rate of metabolism and hormones.

Question 15

EXCRETION: Reabsorbed in the kidneys (normal: < _____mg/__H) anabolic (deamination) products are excreted in the urine such as ammonia and urea

Answer 15

150
24

Question 16

Proteins Structures

Answer 16

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 17

Protein structure that refers to the sequence of amino acid in peptide or protein.

Answer 17

Primary structure

Question 18

Protein structure that refers to
Local folding of the polypeptide chain into helixes and sheets.

Answer 18

Secondary structure

Question 19

Types of Secondary protein structure

Answer 19

Alpha helix
Beta sheet
Beta turn

Question 20

3 dimensional folding pattern of protein due to interaction of side chains

Answer 20

Tertiary structure

Question 21

Unfolding of this pattern is called

Answer 21

DENATURATION.

Question 22

Consist of 2 or more polypeptide chain or sub units forming a larger unit.

Example: hemoglobin (4 subunits)

Answer 22

Quaternary structure

Question 23

Consists only of amino acids

Answer 23

Simple Protein

Question 24

What are the Simple Proteins

Answer 24

Albumin
Histones
Globulin
Globin
Protamine

Question 25

SImple proteein combined with a non protein components (prosthetic group)

Answer 25

Conjugated protein

Question 26

What are the Conjugated Proteins

Answer 26

Lipoproteins- HDL, LDL, VLDL Chromoproteins- hemoglobin, myoglobin Glycoproteins- mucin, hormones. Metalloproteins- Ferratin, ceruloplasmin. Nucleoproteins -DNA

Question 27

Long and narrow consist of repetitive amino acids sequence. For structural purposes Example: Collagen, fibrin, keratin, actin.

Answer 27

Fibrinous

Question 28

Spherical consist of different amino acid sequence. For functional purposes Example: Enzymes, hemoglobin and hormones.

Answer 28

Globular/globin

Question 29

Classification of proteins based on shape

Answer 29

Fibrinous Globular/globin

Question 30

Classification of proteins based on the solubility soluble in water and concentrated salt solution.

Answer 30

Albumin

Question 31

Classification of proteins based on the solubility insoluble in water and concentrated salt solution but soluble in weak salt solution.

Answer 31

Globulin

Question 32

Classification of proteins based on the solubility insoluble in most reagents Ex. Collagen, elastin, keratin

Answer 32

Albuminoids

Question 33

is used for diagnosing Multiple myeloma and other plasma protein deficiency.

Answer 33

protein electrophoresis

Question 34

Other basis of classification based on molecular size and shape

Answer 34

ULTRACENTRIFUGATION

Question 35

Other basis of classification based on differences in size, shape and charge of protein molecules

Answer 35

CHROMATOGRAPHY

Question 36

Other basis of classification based on differences on molecular volume

Answer 36

GEL FRACTIONATION/MOLECULAR SIEVE