Lipids - Exam 2

Question 1

Two Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 1

Linoleic Acids & Lonolenic Acids (ALA)

Question 2

Why must we eat Lonoleic/linolenic acids from plant foods (or animals that have eaten plant foods that contain them ie fish)?

Answer 2

Only Plants have enzymes Delta 12 and Delta 15 desaturates required to form double bonds beyond the delta 9 position

Question 3

Various functions of lipids in our body

Answer 3

Energy storage, Protection of internal organs, Heat insulation, Cell membranes, Steroid hormones, Bile acids, Eicosanoids, Fat soluble vitamins, lipoproteins

Question 4

Delta

Answer 4

Chain length and number/position of all double bonds counted from carboxyl end

Question 5

Omega

Answer 5

Locates position of the first double bond counted from methyl end ie 18:2 w-6 or 18:2 n-6

Question 6

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 6

Full of hydrogens, no double bonds

Question 7

Most lipids on our Diet

Answer 7

triacylglycerols (95%)

Question 8

Transportation of FFA

Answer 8

In blood by albumin

Question 9

Phospholipids

Answer 9

Structural basis of all cell and organelle membranes

Question 10

Most common phospholipid in mammalian tissue

Answer 10

Phosphatidylcholine or lecithin - choline head group at sn-3 on glycerol backbone

Question 11

Phosphatidylserine

Answer 11

Biological role in Apoptosis or cell death

Question 12

Location of FA on phospholipids

Answer 12

SN-1 & SN-2

Question 13

Location of hydrophilic head group on phospholipids

Answer 13

SN-3

Question 14

Phosphatidylcholine

Answer 14

Found in egg yolks, soybeans - act as emulsifiers

Question 15

Sphingolipids

Answer 15

In all cell membranes - highest in CNS

Question 16

Sphingolipid backbone

Answer 16

Amino alcohol sphingosine

Question 17

Simplest sphingolipid

Answer 17

Ceramide - which other sphingolipids are built from

Question 18

Sphingomyelin

Answer 18

Ceramide + phosphocholine

Question 19

Cerebrosides

Answer 19

Ceramide + single sugar unit

Question 20

Gangliosides

Answer 20

ceramide + multiple sugar units

Question 21

Free cholesterol

Answer 21

found in the cell membrane

Question 22

Fatty Acid AMDR

Answer 22

20-35% kcal for fat

Question 23

Stanols

Answer 23

Saturated version of sterols

Question 24

Exogenous (dietary lipid transport)

Answer 24

Transport triacylglycerols from the intestine to peripheral tissues for storage or energy utilization

Question 25

Exogenous transport Lipoprotein

Answer 25

Chylomicrons - disappear after all dietary triacylglycerols are delivered

Question 26

Endogenous lipid transport

Answer 26

Transport triacylglycerols from the liver to peripheral tissues for storage or energy utilization

Question 27

Endogenous transport lipoprotein

Answer 27

VLDL, IDL, LDL

Question 28

Reverse Cholesterol transport

Answer 28

HDL picks up excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues & delivers it to liver for excretion or conversion to other important molecules

Question 29

Reverse Cholesterol transport lipoprotein

Answer 29

HDL

Question 30

FA Methyl end

Answer 30

non polar, hydrophobic

Question 31

Chylomicron remnant

Answer 31

TAGS, apo-b48, apoE only

Question 32

apoE

Answer 32

Acts as ligand for receptor of liver to capture chylomicron remnant for recycling

Question 33

eicosanoids

Answer 33

20 carbon or longer fatty acids that have biological functions in our bodies

Question 34

What is the function of EPA and DHA?

Answer 34

EPA & DHA are part of a lot of your cells in the body (ie CNS)