Lipids & Fats

Question 1

What are the two properties of Lipids & Fats?

Answer 1

C and H–> non polar

Low solubility in aqueous solution–> form cell membranes (hydrophobic)

Question 2

Name the 4 roles of Lipids & Fats

Answer 2

Energy storage (long term)
Cell & organelle membranes
Hormone signalling
Some vitamins

Question 3

Structure of Fatty Acids

Answer 3

Long carbon hydrogen chain with carboxyl group

Question 4

Structure of Triglycerides(fats)

Answer 4

3 fatty acid chains joined by glycerol

Question 5

Structure of Phospholipids

Answer 5

2 fatty acid chains joined by glycerol with a phosphate

Question 6

Structure of Steriods

Answer 6

Base for most hormones and cholesterol

Question 7

Structure of Waxes

Answer 7

Long hydrocarbon chains (non polar)

Question 8

Function of Fatty Acids

Answer 8

Building block for larger lipds

Question 9

Function of Triglycerides(fats)

Answer 9

Long term energy storage

Question 10

Function of Phospholipds

Answer 10

Main part of cell membranes

Question 11

Function of Steriods

Answer 11

Sends signals to structural part of membrane

Question 12

Function of Waxes

Answer 12

Water barrier

Question 13

Example of Fatty Acids

Answer 13

In dietary fats

Question 14

Example of Triglycerides(fats)

Answer 14

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 15

Example of Phospholipds

Answer 15

Cell and organelle membranes

Question 16

Example of Steriods

Answer 16

Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, adrenaline

Question 17

Example of Waxes

Answer 17

Waxy cuticle on leaves

Birds and bees - repel water

Question 18

Do fatty acids contain an even number of carbon atoms?

True or False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Fatty Acids: Are carbonyl molecules added to the end of the molecules by enzymes?

True of False

Answer 19

False, acetyl molecules are added to the end of the molecules by enzymes

Question 20

What does the carboxyl group do in the fatty acid chains?

Answer 20

They make the end of molecule polar and permits connections to the molecules by forming covalent bonds

Question 21

Saturated fats

Answer 21

Fatty acid chain is “full” of hydrogen atoms(all single bonds between carbon atoms)

Question 22

Unsaturated fats

Answer 22

One or more double or triple bond between carbons(more hydrogens could be added)

Question 23

Examples of Unsaturated fats

Answer 23

Olive oil and coconut oil

Question 24

Are saturated or unsaturated solid at room temperature?

Answer 24

Saturated animal fats are solid at room temperature

Question 25

Are saturated or unsaturated liquid at room temperature?

Answer 25

Unsaturated plant fats/oil are liquid at room temperature

Question 26

Cis Fats

Answer 26

``` Occur naturally Living things(ie. humans, bacteria, fungus) have enzymes to digest ```

Question 27

Trans Fats

Answer 27

Produced chemically | No natural enzymes to digest "shelf stable"

Question 28

What type of fats are used to produce trans fats?

Answer 28

Trans fats are a form of unsaturated form and are created during hydrogenation which converts liquid vegetable oils into semi-solid partially hydrogenated oil

Question 29

Why are trans fats much more 'shelf stable' than cis-fats?

Answer 29

Trans fats raise your LDL levels and lower your HDL levels. People with low HDL levels will have greater risk of developing heart disease.

Question 30

Why is it advised to minimize the amount of trans fat in your diet?

Answer 30

Increases your risk of getting a heart disease

Question 31

What are Triglycerides composed of (2)?

Answer 31

Glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid chains

Question 32

What is the purpose of triglycerides?

Answer 32

- Type of fat in your body - Eat more calories--> extra calories changed to triglycerides--> stores in fat cells for later use - Body needs energy - -> triglycerides are released into you bloodstream to provide fuel for your muscles to work

Question 33

Name the 3 Omega- 3 Health Benefits

Answer 33

- Baby development - Alzheimer's disease - Dementia support

Question 34

Omega-3 are essential for

Answer 34

- Controlling blood clotting | - Building cell membranes in the brain

Question 35

Name 3 Omega-3 Food Sources

Answer 35

Fish Flax Eggs(Chickens are feed FLAX seed in their diet)

Question 36

What are Phospholipds composed of (3)?

Answer 36

Glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and phosphate '2 head group' negatively charged

Question 37

Amphipathic

Answer 37

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 38

Micelle

Answer 38

Polar head and non polar tails

Question 39

Phospolipid bilayer

Answer 39

lipid-bilayer sheet

Question 40

Important

Answer 40

Oils/fats surrounded by phospholipds in detergents/soaps/shampoo Entire micelle is easily washed down drain

Question 41

What are 2 roles of phospholipds?

Answer 41

They provide barriers in cellular membranes to protect the cell and they make barriers for the organelles within those cells.

Question 42

Steroids consist of:

Answer 42

4 fused carbon rings

Question 43

Sterols

Answer 43

have an -OH group that increases solubility in water

Question 44

First example of Sterols

Answer 44

Cholesterol | - important component of cell membrane(high solubility)

Question 45

Second example of Sterols

Answer 45

Cortisol (adrenal glands) | - responsible to stress

Question 46

Third Example of Sterols

Answer 46

Aldosterone (adrenal glands) | - salt & water balance

Question 47

Fourth Example of Sterols

Answer 47

Sex hormones | - estrogen/estradiol, testosterone, progesterone

Question 48

3 examples of Waxes

Answer 48

Cutin - way cuticle on surface of leaves Birds- waxy coating to keep feathers dry Bees- beeswax