LIPIDS MAIN Flashcards
ALL CLASS EXCEPT MEMBRANE LIPIDS (100 cards)
1
Q
percentage of fat in the brain?
A
60
2
Q
organic compound found in living organisms that is insoluble (or only sparingly soluble) in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
A
LIPIDS
3
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
A
TRUE
4
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids do not have a common structural feature that serves as the basis for defining such compounds
A
TRUE
5
Q
general functions of lipids
A
- Efficient energy sources
- Serve as thermal insulators
- Structural components of the cell membrane
- Serve as precursors for hormones
- dissolve the vitamins, which are fat- soluble and assist their digestion
6
Q
FIVE CATEGORIES OF LIPIDS BASED ON CHEMICAL FUNCTION
A
1) ENERGY STORAGE
2) MEMBRANE LIPIDS
3) EMULSIFICATION LIPIDS
4) MESSENGER LIPIDS
5) PROTECTIVE- COATING LIPIDS
7
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids are soluble in polar organic solevnts
A
FALSE
8
Q
identify which category of lipids:
Triacyglycerol
A
ENERGY STORAGE
9
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids are insoluble in water
A
TRUE
10
Q
identify which category of lipids:
biological waxes
A
PROTECTIVE- COATING LIPIDS
11
Q
CATEGORIES OF LIPIDS BASED ON SAPONIFIABILITY
A
SAPONIFIABLE
NONSAPONIFIABLE
12
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
A
TRUE
13
Q
Saponifiable lipids
A
TAG, phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, & biological waxes
14
Q
identify which category of lipids:
steroid hormones and eicosanoids
A
MESSENGER LIPIDS
15
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids are soluble in water
A
FALSE
16
Q
identify which category of lipids:
Bile acids
A
EMULSIFICATION LIPIDS
17
Q
nonsaponifiable lipids
A
cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, eicosanoids
18
Q
TRUE / FALSE:
Lipids’ characterization is based on solubility characteristics
A
TRUE
19
Q
SAPON/NONSAPON:
TAG
A
SAPON
20
Q
identify which category of lipids:
phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol
A
MEMBRANE LIPIDS
21
Q
hydrolysis of esters
A
SAPONIFIABILITY
22
Q
SAPON/NONSAPON:
phospholipids
A
SAPON
23
Q
SAPON/NONSAPON:
fats and oils
A
SAPON
24
Q
SAPON/NONSAPON:
sphingoglycolipids
A
SAPON
25
easily hydrolyzed by NaOH
SAPON
26
SAPON/NONSAPON:
biological waxes
SAPON
27
building blocks of lipids
Fatty acids
28
SAPON/NONSAPON:
cholesterol
NONSAPON
29
naturally occurring monocarboxylic acid
Fatty acids
30
SAPON/NONSAPON:
steroid hormones
NONSAPON
31
FATTY ACIDS BASED ON CARBON CHAIN LENGTH
1. long-chain fatty acids (C12 to C26)
2. medium-chain fatty acids (C8 and C10)
3. short-chain fatty acids (C4 and C6)
32
SAPON/NONSAPON:
bile acids
NONSAPON
33
carbon placement of long-chain FA
C12 to c26
34
SAPON/NONSAPON:
eicosanoids
NONSAPON
35
CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACID RESIDUES PRESENT IN TRIACYLGLYCEROL:
1) BASED ON DEGREE OF UNSATURATION
2) BASED ON CONFIGURATION OF DOUBLE BOND (either mono or polyunsaturated)
3) BASED ON LOCATION OF DOUBLE BOND
36
carbon placement of medium-chain FA
C8 and C10
37
CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACID RESIDUES PRESENT IN TRIACYLGLYCEROL: BASED ON DEGREE OF UNSATURATION
1) SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
2) MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
3) POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
38
carbon placement of short-chain FA
C4 and C6
39
the major starting material for eicosanoids, a substances that help regulate blood pressure, clotting, and several other important body functions
Arachidonic acid
39
a fatty acid with a carbon chain in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
40
Deficiency of LINOLEIC ACID
1) a-linolenic acid causes scaly dermatitis (ichthyosis)
2) hairloss poor wound healing
3) visual and neurological abnormalities
40
a fatty acid with a carbon chain in which one carbon–carbon double bond is present
MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
41
EPA meaning
eicosapentaenoic acid
41
fatty acid with a carbon chain in which two or more carbon–carbon double bonds are present
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
42
primary member of the omega-3 FA
LINOLENIC ACID
42
Aka BAD FAT
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
42
Suppresses cardiac arrhythmia
LINOLENIC ACID
43
dietary effect is an increase in heart disease risk
SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
43
Reduces serum TAG
LINOLENIC ACID
44
Aka GOOD FAT
MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
44
Decrease tendency of thrombosis
LINOLENIC ACID
45
Dietary effect is a decrease in heart disease risk
MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
45
Decrease BP
LINOLENIC ACID
45
Dietary effect is “mixed”;
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
46
Reduce risk of cardiovascular mortality
LINOLENIC ACID
47
As GOOD FAT- decrease heart
disease risk
As BAD FAT – increase cancer risk
POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
48
Little effect on LDL and HDL cholesterol levels
LINOLENIC ACID
49
CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACID RESIDUES PRESENT IN TRIACYLGLYCEROL: BASED ON CONFIGURATION OF DOUBLE BOND (either mono or polyunsaturated)
1) -cis
2) -trans
49
starting material for the biosynthesis of two additional omega-3 fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are important constituents of the communication membranes of the brain and are necessary for normal brain development. EPA and DHA are also active in the retina of the eye
LINOLENIC ACID
50
contain in naturally occurring fatty acids associated with good fat
-cis
50
DHA meaning
docosahexaenoic acid
50
Hydrogenation converts some cis to trans double bonds. (opposite position)
-trans
51
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FATTY ACIDS
1) WATER SOLUBILITY
2) MELTING POINT
52
groups in the double bond is located in the same position causing the FA to stay bend
-cis
53
direct function of carbon chain length; solubility decreases as carbon chain length increases
Water solubility
54
have effects on blood chemistry similar to those of saturated fatty acids.(BAD FAT)
-trans
55
strongly influenced by both carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation (number of double bonds present)
Melting points
56
CLASSIFICATION OF FATTY ACID RESIDUES PRESENT IN TRIACYLGLYCEROL: BASED ON LOCATION OF DOUBLE BOND
1) Omega -3
2) Omega-6
57
TRUE / FALSE:
As carbon chain length increases, melting point increases
TRUE
58
First double bond is three carbons away from the -CH3 end of the carbon chain
Omega -3
59
Most abundant type of lipids present in the body
TAG
60
LINOLENIC ACID (18:3) is the primary member of this family & a precursor for EPA & DHA
Omega -3
61
the main storage form of fatty acids
TAG
62
First double bond is six carbons away from the CH3 end of the carbon chain
Omega-6
63
they account for greater than 90% of dietary fat intake
TAG
64
LINOLEIC ACID (18:2) is the primary member of this family & a precursor for arachidonic acid
Omega-6
65
More efficient at storing energy than glycogen
TAG
66
C18H30O2
LINOLENIC ACID
67
concentrated in adipocytes found under the skin, in the abdominal cavity, in mammary gland, etc
TAG
68
C18H32O2
LINOLEIC ACID
69
Lipid formed through esterification (ester linkage) of 3 fatty acid with glycerol
TAG
70
a fatty acid needed in the human body that must be obtained from dietary sources because it cannot be synthesized within the body, in adequate amounts, from other substances
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
71
substitute term for TAG
FAT
72
(18:2)
LINOLEIC ACID
73
2 TYPES OF TRIACYLGLYCEROL
1) Simple Triacylglycerol
2) Mixed Triacylglycerol
74
(18:3)
LINOLENIC ACID
75
a triester formed from the esterification of glycerol with three identical fatty acids molecule
Simple Triacylglycerol
76
primary member of the omega-6 FA
LINOLEIC ACID
77
triester formed from the esterification of glycerol with more than one kind of fatty acid molecules
Mixed Triacylglycerol
78
From vegetable oil
LINOLEIC ACID
79
NATURALLY OCCURING MIXTURES OF TRIACYLGLYCEROL
1) FAT
2) OILS
80
Decreases plasma cholesterol and decreases HDL
LINOLEIC ACID
81
a triacylglycerol mixture that is a solid or a semi-solid at room temperature (25 C)
FAT
82
Sources: Nuts, avocados, olives, soybeans
LINOLEIC ACID
83
Generally, _____ are obtained from animal sources
FATS
84
Deficiency:including a-linolenic acid causes scaly dermatitis (ichthyosis), hairloss poor wound healing, visual and neurological abnormalities.
LINOLEIC ACID
85
a triacylglycerol mixture that is a liquid at room temperature (25 C)
OILS
86
the starting material for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid
LINOLEIC ACID
87
FATS / OILS:
Solid or semisolid at room temp
FATS
88
Arachidonic acid is the major starting material for eicosanoids, a substances that help regulate blood pressure, clotting, and several other important body functions
LINOLEIC ACID
