Lipids part 3

Question 1

Oxidized derivatives of sterols
Have a sterol nucleus but lack the alkyl chain in cholesterol
More polar
Synthesized from cholesterol
Carried through the body in the bloodstream

Answer 1

Steroid Hormones

Question 2

Types of Steroid Hormones (2)

Answer 2

Sex hormones
Adrenocortical hormones

Question 3

Types of Sex Hormones (3)

Answer 3

Androgens (Male)

Estrogens (Female)

Progesterone (prepares the uterus)

Question 4

Types of adrenocortical hormones (2)

Answer 4

Mineralocorticoids
-Aldosterone controls tissue swelling by regulating the delicate cellular salt balance

Glucocorticoids
-involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and in the control of inflammations.

Question 5

Produced by the liver (from cholesterol) stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the intestine.

act like detergents in the small intestine where they keep the
cholesterol in solution and emulsify fats. More accessible to lipases.

Answer 5

Bile Salts

Question 6

Are present in much smaller amounts than storage or structural lipids

Play vital roles as signaling molecules between nearby cells

Answer 6

Biologically Active Lipids

Question 7

Plays a regulation of calcium and phosphorous metabolism

Is formed from cholesterol by the action of ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Answer 7

Vitamin D

Vitamin D3 cholecalciferol

Question 8

lipids found in the oils of some plants and flowers that give them their characteristic odors and colors

composed of two or more sections containing five carbon conjugated structure called isoprene

vitamins A, E, and K are derived from such

Answer 8

Terpenes

Question 9

required for the formation of the visual pigment found in the retina of the eye

Answer 9

Vitamin A

Question 10

prevents oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in cellular membranes (antioxidant).

Answer 10

Vitamin E

Question 11

needed in the formation of prothrombin for blood clotting.

Answer 11

Vitamin K

Question 12

arachidonic acid (20:4) derivatives

－Have profound physiological effects at extremely low concentrations.
－Are hormone-like molecules
－Exert their effects in the tissues where they are synthesized.
－Usually have a very short “life.”

Answer 12

Eicosanoids

Question 13

unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20–carbon skeleton that contains a cyclopentane ring

– Involved in raising body temperature,
– Inhibiting the secretion of gastric juices,
– Increasing the secretion of a protective mucus layer into the stomach

Answer 13

Prostaglandins (Eicosanoids)

Question 14

Fatty acid derivative containing three conjugated double bonds and hydroxyl groups

Promote inflammatory and hypersensitivity (allergy) responses.

Answer 14

Leukotrienes (Eicosanoids)

Question 15

fatty-acid derivative containing a cyclic ether ring and oxygen-containing functional groups

Answer 15

Thromboxanes (Eicosanoids)

Question 16

Eicosanoid biological processes regulated by prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes (6)

Answer 16

Blood Clotting - Thromboxane, Platelets

The inflammatory response - White blood Cells

Reproductive system - PGE2, muscle contraction

Gastrointestinal tract - shown to inhibit the secretion of acid and increase secretion of protective mucus layer

Kidneys - Prostaglandins cause blood vessels to dilate

Respiratory tract - Leukotrienes promote constriction of bronchi

Question 17

Most common and important complex lipids
-Spherical particles with a lipid core of fatty acids & cholesterol
- Covered with a single membrane layer
- Decorated with proteins that target the particles to specific cell types for uptake & catabolism

Answer 17

Plasma lipoproteins