Lipoprotein Flashcards
(49 cards)
Composed of mostly Carbons and Hydrogen bonds
- commonly referred to as fats
- primary source of fuel
- require special transport mechanisms (lipoprotein) for circulation in the blood
- insoluble in water and blood, however they are soluble in organic solvent
Lipids
- Phospholipids
- cholesterol
- TAG
- fatty acids
Major Lipids
Contains your polar and nonpolar hydrophilic clothing
- the most abundant lipids derived from phosphatidic acid
- produced from conjugation of two fatty acids and phosphorylated glycerol
Phospholipid (Conjugated Lipid)
Water loving
Hydrophilic
Water fearing
Nonpolar hydrophobic
- Lecithin/phosphatidylcholine 70%
- Sphingomyelin 20%
- Cephalin 10%
- Amniotic fluid
Forms of Phospholipids
Give protein and vitamins
Amniotic fluid
Essential component of cell membrane
- the only phospholipid in membrane that is not derived from glycerol but from an amino acid called sphinogosine
Sphingomyelin
The second abundant lipid
- unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings
- found on the surface of lipid layers
- building block of steroid hormones
- considered as amphiphatic
Cholesterol
Borderline of cholesterol
200-239 mg/dL
Patient with high cholesterol
> 240 mg/dL
Reference value of Cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
- found in plasma and serum
- cholesterol bound fatty acid
Cholesterol Ester 70%
- _____ and phospholipids are found in the surface of lipoprotein
- Lipase
Free cholesterol 30%
Enzyme responsible for fat
Lipase
- size ranging from 10-1200 nm
- composed of lipids and protein called apolipoprotein
- reference method for lipoprotein analysis is ultra centrifugation
General lipoprotein Structure
Located on the surface of lipoprotein particles
- maintain structural integrity of lipoprotein
- serves as ligand of cell receptors
Apolipoprotein
- Cholesterol Ester 70%
- Free Cholesterol 30%
- General lipoprotein Structure
- Apolipoprotein
Forms of Cholesterol
Transport exogenous lipemia due to dietary TAG or fat
- Largest, least dense
- Highest TAG (triglyceride) content
- completely cleared within 6 to 9 hours post prandial
- Apo B - 48, Apo A 1, Apo C, and Apo D
Chylomicrons
Transport endogenous TAG (endogenous lipemia) from liver to muscle
- secreted by the liver
- pre beta lipoprotein
- if increase, set at Turbidity within 24 hours
- Apo - B100, Apo C, and Apo D
Very Low - Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
Known as good Cholesterol
- smallest lipoprotein but most dense (5-12nm)
- produced in the live and intestine
- reverse cholesterol transport
- CDC reference method: Ultracentrifugation, Precipitation with Heparin - MnCl² and abell Kendall assay (3 step method)
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Interpretation for HDL
<35mg/dL (cutoff level)
HDL reference value (high)
> 60mg/dL
Reference value of HDL (low)
40 mg/dL (cutoff level)
