Lisas Oral Review Exam 3 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Define lipofusion and autophagy
Lipofusion the metabolic waste product of neurons from autophagy which is replacing worn out organelles
What type of glial cell forms Myelination in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
What type of glial cell forms myelination in the pns?
Schwann sells
What type of glial cell lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord to circulate CSF
Ependymal cells
What is visceral as compared to somatic
Visceral are involuntary structures. (Autonomic)
Somatic are voluntary structures (skeletal)
What is the difference between the choroid plexus and the arachnoid villi
The chloride plexus is a capillary Network in each ventricle from which plasma is taken which is now called CSF fluid
The arachnoid Villa or extensions of the arachnoid layer that absorb the CSF and add it to the circulating blood now forming plasma
What is the difference between continuous and saltatory conduction
saltatory conduction is faster because they have myelinated axons so the axon has to depolarize fewer times and fires with greater strength
Length of the spinal cord
17 in
What are the bumps out on the spinal cord
Cervical and lumbar enlargements. They are crowded areas where nerves goes up and down to appendages
Cervical supplies the upper appendages
Lumber supplies the lower appendages
What is the fanning out of nerves at the bottom of the spinal cord and what is the nerve that is right at the bottom middle of the cauda equina?
cauda equina
And the terminal filum it is a strand of connective tissue that anchors the cord to your coccyx( tailbone)
What type of cells cause brain tumors, neurons or neuroglia
Neuroglia because they can perform mitosis
There are seven cervical vertebrae but eight cervical nerves. How does that work out
The first cervical nerve comes out between the skull and the first cervical vertebrae
What is ACH?
A neurotransmitter called Acetylcholine made of acetic acid and choline any synapse that uses ACH is called a cholinergic synapse
What is norepinephrine?
A. Neurotransmitter that is Half of adrenaline and is released during fight or flight
What are endorphins
A. Neuropeptide neurotransmitter that is your body’s natural pain reliever
Comes from exercise or sex
What are gaba?
A. Neurotransmitter called an amino acid
Stands for gamma aminobutyric acid
It is inhibitory meaning it slows things down
Does the presynaptic or postsynaptic neuron release the neurotransmitter?
The presynaptic neuron does
What are the four characteristics of a neurotransmitter
Chemical must be produced by a presynaptic neuron
It must be released in response to stimulation
It must bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell
It must alter the physiology. (Function) Of the postsynaptic cell
What are the steps of the ark reflex
The sensory receptor’s responds to stimulation
The impulse travels to the gray matter of the cord
The synapse between the sensory and motor impulses
The impulse travels out of the CNS to the effector
The body responds to stimulation
What are internodes versus nodes of ranvier?
Internal to the myelinated areas on a myelinated neuron
The nodes of ranvier are the spaces in between the internodes
When a segment of an axon depolarizes it will be polarized until it reaches the minimum amount needed to fire. What is that called
Threshold
What do you call the nerve that supplies the diaphragm
The phrenic nerve
What is the difference between the epineurium perineurium and the endonurium
The epineurium is the connective tissue around the entire nerve?
The perineurium is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle inside the epineurrium
The endoneurmium wraps around each axon of which there is many in each fascicle
A. Fascicle is a bundle of axons
What are the clumps of rough ER in a neuron
Nissl bodies
