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EAP 4 > List 2 > Flashcards

List 2 Flashcards

1
Q

establish

A

to start having a relationship with, or communicating with another person, company, country, or organization:
- There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between staff, parents, pupils, and external bodies.

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2
Q

establish

A

to discover or get proof of something:
- Before we take any action we must establish the facts/truth.
[ + question word ] Can you establish what time she left home/whether she has left home.
[ + (that) ] We have established (that) she was born in 1900.

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3
Q

establish yourself

A

to be in a successful position over a long period of time:

- He has established himself as the leading candidate in the election.

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4
Q

establish

A

to cause something or someone to be accepted in or familiar with a place, position, etc.:

  • His reputation for carelessness was established long before the latest problems arose.
  • After three months we were well established in/at our new house/new jobs.
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5
Q

establishment

A

a business or other organization, or the place where an organization operates:
- an educational/financial/religious establishment
powerful pp
- The establishment

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6
Q

establishment

A

the process of starting or creating something, for example, an organization:
- Since its establishment in 1945, the United Nations has played a dominant role in the development of international law.

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7
Q

established

A

having existed for a long time, and therefore recognized as good or successful

  • an old established family firm
  • They have well-established connections with the Japanese company.
  • established procedures/methods/criteria
  • The cast includes several established stars, as well as two talented newcomers.
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8
Q

flexible

A

able to change or be changed easily according to the situation:

  • My schedule is flexible - I could arrange to meet with you any day next week.
  • Rubber is a flexible substance.
  • Dancers and gymnasts need to be very flexible (= able to bend their bodies easily).
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9
Q

flexibility

A

the ability to change or be changed easily according to the situation:

  • The advantage of this system is its flexibility.
  • The schedule doesn’t allow much flexibility.
  • You can improve your flexibility by exercising.
  • Plastic is more suitable because of its flexibility.
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10
Q

flex

A

to bend an arm, leg, etc. or tighten a muscle:
- First, straighten your legs, then flex your feet.
- He tried to impress me by flexing his huge muscles.
to bend without breaking, or to make a material do this:
- Sheets of brittle lava broke under their own weight as they flexed.
- Metal fatigue occurs when steel is flexed.

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11
Q

impose (force1)

A

to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received:

  • Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
  • Judges are imposing increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences.
  • The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.
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12
Q

impose (force2)

A

to force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living:

  • I don’t want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children.
  • We must impose some kind of order on the way this office is run.
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13
Q

impose (expect)

A

to expect someone to do something for you or spend time with you when they do not want to or when it is not convenient for them:

  • Are you sure it’s all right for me to come tonight? I don’t want to impose.
  • She’s always imposing on people - asking favours and getting everyone to do things for her.
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14
Q

imposition (expecting)

A

a situation in which someone expects another person to do something that they do not want to do or that is not convenient:
- Would it be too much of an imposition to ask you to pick my parents up from the airport?

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15
Q

imposition

A

the introduction of a new law or system:

- the imposition of the death penalty/martial law/sanctions

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16
Q

imposing

A

having an appearance that looks important or causes admiration:

  • an imposing mansion
  • He was an imposing figure on stage.
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17
Q

optional

A

If something is optional, you can choose if you want to do it, pay it, buy it, etc.:
- English is compulsory for all students, but art and music are optional.

18
Q

option

A

one thing that can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice:

  • The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether.
  • There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard.
  • They didn’t leave him much option - either he paid or they’d beat him up.
  • After her appalling behaviour, we had no option but to dismiss her.
19
Q

opt

A

to make a choice, especially of one thing or possibility instead of others:

  • Mike opted for early retirement.
  • Most people opt to have the operation.
20
Q

renounce

A

to say formally or publicly that you no longer own, support, believe in, or have a connection with something:

  • Her ex-husband renounced his claim to the family house.
  • Gandhi renounced the use of violence.
21
Q

renunciation

A

the formal announcement that someone no longer owns, supports, believes in, or has a connection with something:
- the renunciation of violence

22
Q

respect

A

admiration felt or shown for someone or something that you believe has good ideas or qualities:

  • I have great/the greatest respect for his ideas, although I don’t agree with them.
  • She is a formidable figure who commands a great deal of respect (= who is greatly admired by others).
  • New teachers have to earn/gain the respect of their students.
  • You really should treat your parents with more respect.
  • She has no respect for other people’s property (= she does not treat it carefully).
23
Q

respect (feature)

A

a particular feature or detail:

  • This proposal differs from the last one in many important respects/one important respect.
  • In most respects, the new film is better than the original.
24
Q

respectively

A

in a way that relates or belongs to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned:

  • In the 200 meters, Lizzy and Sarah came first and third respectively (= Lizzy won the race and Sarah was third).
  • Steven and James are aged 10 and 13 respectively.
25
Q

respectful

A

Showing admiration for someone or something:
- “We’re so pleased to meet you at last,” he said in a respectful tone of voice.

Showing politeness or honour to someone or something:

  • There was a respectful two-minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war.
  • He taught his children to be respectful of other cultures.
26
Q

conformity

A

behaviour that follows the usual standards that are expected by a group or society:
- It’s depressing how much conformity there is in such young children.

27
Q

conformist # nonconformist

A

someone who behaves or thinks like everyone else, rather than being different

28
Q

conform

A

to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected by a group or society:

  • At our school, you were required to conform, and there was no place for originality.
  • The contract requires that managers conform to high standards of personal conduct.
  • Wood-burning stoves must conform to the fire code.
29
Q

conform

A

to obey a rule or reach the necessary stated standard:

  • 70% of these imports come from pigs raised under conditions that would not conform to UK minimum standards.
  • The Food and Drug Administration approved an 18-month extension of the patent on the drug to conform with new international trade agreements.
30
Q

conformity

A

the process of a product being made as it was designed, without mistakes or faults:
- Our goal is to improve conformity with customer requirements.

31
Q

conception

A

an idea of what something or someone is like, or a basic understanding of a situation or a principle:

  • People from different cultures have different conceptions of the world.
  • She has a conception of people as being basically good.
  • I thought the book’s writing was dreadful, and its conception (= the ideas on which it was based) even worse.
  • He has absolutely no conception of how a successful business should run.
32
Q

conceive (im)

A

to imagine something:

  • I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old.
  • He couldn’t conceive of a time when he would have no job.
  • I can’t conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) how anyone could behave so cruelly.
  • I find it hard to conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) that people are still treated so badly.
33
Q

conceive (iv)

A

to invent a plan or an idea:

  • He conceived the plot for this film while he was still a student.
  • The exhibition was conceived by the museum’s director.
34
Q

conceive (B)

A

to become pregnant, or to cause a baby to begin to form:

  • Do you know exactly when you conceived?
  • The baby was conceived in March, so will be born in December.
35
Q

conceptual

A

based on ideas or principles:

- The introduction lays out a conceptual framework for the book.

36
Q

conceptually

A

in a way that relates to ideas or principles:

- Conceptually, I knew this job would fit with the things that are important to me.

37
Q

disperse

A

to spread across or move away over a large area, or to make something do this

  • When the rain came down the crowds started to disperse.
  • Police dispersed the crowd that had gathered.
38
Q

dispersal

A

the action of spreading across or moving away over a large area, or of making people or things do this:
- We have seen the violent dispersal of crowds of protesters.

39
Q

determine

A

to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen

  • Your health is determined in part by what you eat.
  • Eye colour is genetically determined.
  • formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played.
  • People should be allowed to determine their own future.
  • She determined that one day she would be an actor.
  • On leaving jail, Joe determined to reform.
40
Q

determine (discover)

A

to discover the facts or truth about something:

- The police never actually determined the cause of death.

EAP 4 (10 decks)

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