list 7 Flashcards

1
Q

preservation

A

the process of working to protect something valuable so that it is not damaged or destroyed

  • preservation of: an organization devoted to the preservation of historic buildings
  • Preservation of the environment is vital.

the addition of a chemical substance to food or wood in order to prevent it from decaying
- improved methods of food preservation

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2
Q

preserve

A

to take care of a place or building in order to prevent it from being harmed or destroyed

  • The society works to preserve the district’s historic buildings.
  • beautifully/perfectly/carefully preserved: a beautifully preserved fresco

to keep an idea, quality, or situation from changing or being lost

  • It’s important that these traditions are preserved.
  • Our goal is to preserve the dignity and independence of our patients.
  • He’s managed to preserve his boyish good looks.
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3
Q

well-preserved

A

used for saying that someone looks younger than they are
- She’s very well-preserved for her age.

in good condition for its age
- well-preserved Roman ruins

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4
Q

priority

A

something important that must be done first or needs more attention than anything else

  • Health insurance will be our top priority.
  • Being fashionable was low on her list of priorities.

the right to go before someone or something else, or to receive something before they do
- take/have priority: Buses take priority over other vehicles on the road.

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5
Q

prioritize

A

to decide which of a group of things are the most important so that you can deal with them first:
- You must learn to prioritize your work.

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6
Q

regenerate

A

to grow again:

  • Tissue regenerates after skin is scratched.
  • A lizard can regenerate its tail.

to improve a place or system so that it is active or producing good results again:
- As president of the college, he regenerated a failing institution.

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7
Q

regeneration

A

the act of improving a place or system, especially by making it more active or successful:
- The council is committed to a programme of urban regeneration.

the act of something growing or being grown again:

  • The treatment promotes regeneration of nerve cells in the spinal cord.
  • Natural forest regeneration on deforested land exerts a controlling influence on carbon dioxide emissions.
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8
Q

regenerative

A

relating to something growing or being grown again:
- Scientists hope to transform the cells into replacement parts for damaged organs, heralding a new age of regenerative medicine.

relating to the improvement of a place or system, especially by making it more active or successful, or to make a person feel happier and more positive:

  • These programmes were identified by the government as central to urban regenerative strategies.
  • She found soaking in warm salt water very regenerative.
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9
Q

resource

A

something that you can use to help you to achieve something, especially in your work or study

  • The Internet has become a valuable resource in schools.
  • resource for: Museums are important resources for teaching history.

the ability to deal with problems effectively
- She has shown considerable resource in creating the new team.

the qualities and skills that someone has and can use for dealing with problems
- He needed all his resources to escape alive.

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10
Q

resourceful

A

skilled at solving problems and making decisions on your own:
- She’s a very resourceful manager.

able to find and use different ways to help achieve your goals:
- She plays the part of a tough, resourceful newspaper reporter.

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11
Q

threat

A

a situation or an activity that could cause harm or danger

  • threat to: Officials were confident there had been no threat to public health.
  • a threat to freedom/democracy
  • pose a threat: The dispute poses a direct threat (=is a threat) to peace.
  • He saw the other man as a real threat to his marriage.
  • They face the threat of terrorism every day.
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12
Q

threaten

A

to tell someone that you might or you will cause them harm, especially in order to make them do something

  • He’s been threatening me for months.
  • threaten to do something: The terrorists are threatening to kill the hostages.
  • threaten someone with something: One man has been threatened with legal action.
  • threaten someone’s life (=say that you will kill them): My life has been threatened on several occasions.

to be likely to harm or destroy something

  • the cancer that now threatens his life
  • Their actions threaten the stability and security of the region.
  • Many workers feel that their jobs are threatened.
  • threaten to do something: Nuclear testing threatens to destroy our environment.
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13
Q

threatening

A

showing or saying that someone is likely to do something that will harm you

  • a threatening look
  • She’s been receiving threatening phone calls.
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14
Q

inflation

A

an economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less valuable

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15
Q

inflate

A

to make something increase in size by filling it with air:

  • He inflated the balloons with helium.
  • We watch the hot-air balloon slowly inflate.

to make a number or value higher or greater than it should be, or to make something seem more important than it really is: (exaggerate)

  • Company officials misled the public in order to inflate the value of the company’s stock.
  • The story was inflated by the media.
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16
Q

inflationary

A

relating to or causing inflation

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17
Q

interfere

A

to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful:

  • It’s their problem and I’m not going to interfere.
  • I’d never interfere between (US with) a husband and wife.
  • Interfering in other people’s relationships is always a mistake.
  • Even a little noise interferes with my concentration.
18
Q

interference

A

an occasion when someone tries to interfere in a situation:

  • She seems to regard any advice or help from me as interference.
  • The government’s interference in the strike has been widely criticized.

noise or other electronic signals that stop you from getting good pictures or sound on a television or radio

19
Q

interfering

A

An interfering person gets involved in other people’s lives in an unwanted and annoying way:
- He’s an interfering old busybody - who I go out with is none of his business!

20
Q

neglect

A

to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility:

  • to neglect your appearance/the house
  • He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.
  • She’s been neglecting her studies this semester.
21
Q

neglectful

A

not giving enough care and attention to something or someone:
I’m sure my boss thinks I’ve been neglectful of my duties recently.

22
Q

potential

A

possible or likely in the future

  • a potential disaster
  • The disease is a potential killer.
23
Q

beneficiary

A

someone who gets an advantage from a situation
- He was the main beneficiary of the deal.

someone who gets money or other things from someone who has died

24
Q

conservationist

A

someone who works to protect the environment from damage or destruction

25
Q

conserve

A

to prevent land, water, or other natural resources from being damaged or destroyed
- International efforts to conserve forests will help control climate change.

to use very little of something such as electricity or water so that it is not wasted

  • In hot weather conserving water is even more important.
  • Here are 10 easy steps you can take to conserve energy in your home.
26
Q

Contentious(controversial)

A

causing disagreement between people or groups
- Sex education in schools remains a highly contentious issue.

enjoying arguing with other people

27
Q

Contention

A

an opinion or statement that something is true, especially one made during a discussion or argument
My main contention is that we should be educating children to be good citizens.

disagreement between people or groups
- The subject remains a source of great contention in the family.

28
Q

contend

A

to claim that something is true
- contend that: Critics of the school system contend that not enough emphasis is placed on creativity.

to compete against someone, for example for a victory or for power
- contend for: The two teams contending for the championship are very evenly matched.

29
Q

debate

A

a discussion in which people or groups state different opinions about a subject
debate about/on/over: There has been intense debate over political union.

30
Q

debatable

A

not clear or certain because different people may have different opinions:
[ + question word ] It’s debatable whether a university degree helps at all.

31
Q

desolation

A

the state of a place that is empty or where everything has been destroyed:
- a scene of desolation

the state of feeling sad and alone:
- a feeling of utter desolation

32
Q

desolated

A

extremely sad and alone or empty:

She was desolated at the loss of her sister.

33
Q

desolately

A

in a way that shows that you are extremely sad and alone or empty:
She looked desolately round the room.
“There is nowhere I can escape to,” he thought desolately.

34
Q

disturbing

A

making you feel worried or upset:

  • The article described the latest crime figures as “disturbing”.
  • The following programme contains scenes that may be disturbing to some viewers.
35
Q

disturbance

A

something that interrupts someone or makes someone feel worried:

  • Residents are tired of the disturbance caused by the nightclub.
  • Phone calls are the biggest disturbance at work.

violence or trouble:
- There was a minor disturbance during the demonstration, but nobody was injured.

36
Q

disturb

A

to interrupt what someone is doing:

  • Please don’t disturb your sister - she’s trying to do her homework.
  • I’m sorry to disturb you so late, but my car’s broken down and I don’t have my phone with me.
37
Q

disturbingly

A

in a way that is disturbing (= making you feel worried or upset):
- Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.

38
Q

economic

A

relating to the economy of a particular country or region

  • Economic growth is slowing down.
  • factors that hinder economic development
39
Q

elimination

eliminate

A

the process of getting rid of something that is not wanted or needed
- elimination of: the elimination of all nuclear weapons

to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed

  • Many infectious diseases have been virtually eliminated.
  • eliminate something from something: He has had to eliminate dairy products from his diet.
40
Q

extinct

A

an extinct animal, plant, or language no longer exists
- The Tasmanian tiger was declared extinct in 1936.

an extinct custom, job, type of person etc does not exist any longer because society has changed
- Many jobs have become extinct with the advent of computers.

41
Q

extinction

A

the situation when an animal, plant, or language no longer exists
- species that are in danger of extinction

the situation when a custom, job, type of person etc does not exist any longer because society has changed
- plans to save the mining industry from extinction

42
Q

governmental

A

relating to a government

a governmental agency