Lit Section 4 Flashcards
1
Q
When did Greta Thunberg deliver her address at the UN Climate Action Summit?
A
2019
2
Q
Where was Thunberg born?
A
Stockholm, Sweden
3
Q
When was Thunberg born?
A
Jan. 3, 2003
4
Q
What is Thunberg’s father’s profession?
A
actor
5
Q
What is Thunberg’s mother’s profession?
A
opera singer
6
Q
What syndrome does Thunberg have?
A
Asperger’s syndrome, a form of autism
7
Q
What is associated with Asperger syndrome?
A
deep focus in a specific area of interest
8
Q
What is Thunberg’s area of interest?
A
climate change
9
Q
How old was Thunberg when she became interested in climate change?
A
8
10
Q
Why did Thunberg become vegan?
A
because raising cattle contributes to climate change
11
Q
When did Thunberg begin the climate strike that made her famous?
A
Sept. 2018
12
Q
What did Thunberg do in her September 2018 climate strike?
A
she sat outside the Swedish parliament with a sign, and eventually gained international atention
13
Q
Thunberg’s 2018 climate strike outside the Swedish parliament caused her to create what?
A
Friday’s for Future
14
Q
Who was Time Magazine’s 2019 Person of the Year?
A
Greta Thunberg
15
Q
When was Thunberg Person of the Year?
A
2019
16
Q
What was Collins Dictionary’s word of the year in 2019?
A
climate strike
17
Q
When was climate strike Collin Dictionary’s word of the year?
A
2019
18
Q
How many times was Thunberg nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize?
A
5 times, 2019-2023
19
Q
When did Thunberg graduate from high school?
A
June 9, 2023
20
Q
What does Thunberg do in her speech?
A
she criticizes world leaders for empty promises and not taking action on climate change
21
Q
What does Thunberg end her speech with?
A
a message of hope, suggesting that change will be driven by youth
22
Q
What is the tone of Thunberg’s speech?
A
passionate, accusatory, and urgent
23
Q
What line does Thunberg’s speech begin with?
A
a warning, saying, “We’ll be watching you.”
24
Q
What feeling is created when Thunberg addresses the audience directly?
A
confrontation and accountability
25
What collective pronoun is commonly used in Thunberg's speech?
"we"
26
What does Thunberg use to evoke a strong emotional response?
pathos
27
What is the repetition of "How dare you!" in Thunberg's speech known as?
anaphora
28
According to Thunberg's speech, how long has the science on climate change been crystal clear?
30 years
29
What is shown in Thunberg's speech when she says "50%", "1.5 degrees," and "hundreds of billions of tons of CO2"?
logos
30
In Thunberg's speech, what does the logos used emphasize?
the severity of the situation
31
In Thunberg's speech, what message is given when she says this? "The world is waking up. And change is coming."
a message of hope
32
In Thunberg's speech, how many gigatons of CO2 did the world have left to emit back on Jan. 1st, 2018?
420 gigatons
33
At the time of Thunberg's speech, how many gigatons did Earth have left to emit?
350 gigatons
34
At the time of Thunberg's speech, the entire CO2 budget will be completely gone in how many years?
8.5 years
35
According to Thunberg's speech, the idea of cutting emissions in half in 10 years gives us a __% chance of staying below 1.5 degrees C.
0.5
36
According to Thunberg's speech, is a 50% risk acceptable?
No
37
David Attenborough's speech, the one mentioned in the resource guide, was given at what COP event?
the COP26 event
38
When did Attenborough give his speech at the COP26 event?
2021
39
When was Attenborough born?
May 8, 1926
40
Where was Attenborough born?
Middlesex, England
41
What is Attenborough's full name?
Sir David Frederick Attenborough
42
What is the name of Attenborough's father?
Federick
43
Where was Attenborough's father a principal?
the University of Leicester
44
How many siblings does Attenborough have?
2 brothers
45
Who narrated "Frozen Planet II"?
David Attenborough
46
Who narrated "The Green Planet"?
David Attenborough
47
What caused Attenborough's lifetime interest in the natural world?
his experiences of collecting fossils, stones, and natural specimens
48
Where did Attenborough go to college?
Clare College, Cambridge University
49
When did Attenborough attend Clare College?
1945
50
What degree did Attenborough earn at Clare College?
natural sciences
51
When did Attenborough join the Royal Navy?
1947
52
What part of the military did Attenborough serve in?
the Royal Navy
53
When did Attenborough begin his work as an editor?
1949
54
When did Attenborough join the BBC?
1950
55
What does BBC stand for?
British Broadcasting Company
56
What popular series did Attenborough make while in the BBC?
Life on Earth in 1976
57
When was "Life on Earth" released?
1976
58
Who made "Life on Earth"?
David Attenborough
59
What award did Attenborough get in 1985?
he was awarded knighthood
60
When did Attenborough receive knighthood?
1985
61
Who gave Attenborough the title of knighthood?
Queen Elizabeth II
62
Who did Attenborough marry?
Jane Oriel
63
When did Attenborough marry Jane Oriel?
1950
64
How many kids did Attenborough and Oriel have?
2, 1 son and 1 daughter
65
When did Jane Oriel die?
1997
66
Who is the oldest person to have visited the North Pole?
David Attenborough
67
Who is the most traveled person in human history?
David Attenborough
68
How does Attenborough's speech differ from Thunberg's?
Thunberg's is more negative and accusatory while Attenborough's is motivating and provides hope
69
What does Attenborough's speech begin with?
the emphasis on a single number, the atmospheric carbon concentration
70
What collective pronouns are used in Attenborough's speech?
our and we
71
What is used in Attenborough's speech when he states the world was "brutal and unpredictable" before the carbon concentration number stabilized?
pathos
72
According to Attenborough's speech, when was civilization first possible?
10,000 years ago
73
What is used in Attenborough's speech when he says, "the temperature did not vary by more than plus or minus one degree Celsius"
logos
74
What words are used in Attenborough's speech to emphasize that we are in trouble?
words like trouble, breaking, inequality, instability, and unavoidable
75
What rhetorical question is posed in Attenborough's speech?
"Is this how our story is due to end?"
76
According to Attenborough's speech, who will be the ones to create change and better the climate crisis?
the young people of today
77
According to Attenborough's speech, what temperature must we keep within reach?
1.5 degrees C
78
According to Attenborough's speech, what must we do to better our climate crisis?
we must recapture carbon with a new industrial revolution with sustainable and clean innovations
79
What is used in Attenborough's speech when he points out he witnessed the terrible decline in the stability of our planet?
ethos
80
What was the atmospheric carbon concentration at the time of Attenborough's speech?
414 ppm
81
According to Attenborough's speech, what did the atmospheric carbon concentration bounce wildly between more than 10k years ago?
180 to 300 ppm
82
According to Attenborough's speech, who are the ones being hit the hardest?
the ones who have contributed the least to climate change, the poor communities and countries
83
According to Attenborough's speech, who is a key ally in helping our climate crisis?
nature
84
According to Attenborough's speech, how does nature help us fight climate change?
it helps by capturing carbon and bringing balance to the planet
85
According to Attenborough's speech, what should be our motivation to help fight climate change?
hope, not fear
86
Where is Essau Sinnok from?
Shishmaref, Alaska
87
What certificate did Sinnok win in May 2017?
a Certificate of Tribal Management
88
What degree does Sinnok have?
a Bachelor of Science degree
89
Where did Sinnok get his Bachelor of Science from?
the University of Alaska, Fairbanks
90
When did Sinnok get his Bachelor of Science?
May 2020
91
What program was Sinnok part of while at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks?
the Caleb Scholars Program
92
What is the mission of the Caleb Scholars Program?
to support Alaska Native students from Arctic regions
93
What exclusive award did Sinnok win in 2016?
the White House Champions of Change for Climate Equity award
94
When did Sinnok win the White House Champions of Change for Climate Equity award?
2016
95
How many people each year are given the White House Champions of Change for Climate Equity award?
10
96
What is Sinnok passionate about?
marine conservation and protecting his native culture
97
How many people live in Shishmaref?
about 600
98
Does Sinnok support relocating Shishmaref?
Yes
99
Why does Sinnok want to relocate Shishmaref?
because he fears their unique culture and language will disappear if they don't move
100
How many years will Shishmaref be underwater?
30 years
101
When did Shishmaref originally vote to relocate?
2002
102
Why didn't Shishmaref move when the village voted to relocate in 2002?
because they lacked funding and a clear plan
103
What does Sinnok hope to do by sharing his story?
get funding from the federal government and raise awareness for other Alaskan communities facing similar issues
104
Sinnok wakes every morning and sees what sea?
the Chukchi Sea
105
What do Sinnok and his village hunt and gather?
caribou, moose, muskox, walrus, and gather cloudberry, blueberries, and blackberries
106
What dialect/language do Sinnok and his village speak?
Inupiaq Eskimo language
107
Who are the main opponents to moving away from Shishmaref?
the older generation, as they lived there all their life
108
When did Shubhendu Sharma give his TED Talk?
2014
109
Where was Sharma raised?
India
110
What type of school did Sharma begin his schooling in?
a covenant school
111
What school did Sharma switch to in the 8th grade?
a Hindi medium school
112
In what grade did Sharma switch to a Hindi medium school without telling his parents?
8th grade
113
Where was Sharma working in 2008?
Bangalore, India
114
What was Sharma working as in 2008?
an engineer for Toyota
115
Sharma has been an Ashoka Fellow since when?
2013
116
What company did Sharma found in 2011?
Afforestt
117
When did Sharma found Afforestt?
2011
118
What is the goal of Afforestt?
to bring back our native forests
119
What type of engineer is Sharma?
an industrial engineer
120
Why was Dr. Akira Miyawaki brought to Sharma's factory in India?
to make it carbon-neutral
121
By claiming he is an industrial engineer and knows methods to make forests grow 10x faster, Sharma is using what?
ethos
122
When saying the Miyawaki method is 10x faster, 30x denser, and 100x more biodiverse, Sharma is using what?
logos
123
What are the benefits of the Miyawaki method?
increased groundwater levels, improved air quality, greater biodiversity, and seasonal fruit harvests
124
What is the process that Toyota uses to make cars known as?
Toyota Production System, or TPS
125
What did Sharma model his forest-making methods after?
TPS, for its quality and efficiency
126
What space do Sharma's forests utilize?
vertical space, allowing for denser forests
127
What is the soil of Sharma's forests typically covered with?
grass or rice straw to reduce evaporation
128
Sharma claims the forests can be created for the cost of what?
an iPhone
129
What does the comparison of the cost of making forests to an iPhone establish?
relatability to the audience
130
Sharma can make a 300-tree forest in how much space?
in 6 car parking spaces
131
How do Sharma's forest compare with a conventional plantation?
his forest grow 10x faster, 30x denser, and 100x more biodiverse
132
What does the online platform with Sharma's methodology help people do remotely?
identify native species, test soil remotely, get step-by-step instructions on the process, and forest growth monitoring
133
What does Sharma's speech end with?
a call to action
134
What is Sharma's call to action?
everyone can contribute to forest restoration using this method
135
What does Sharma's method use for soil amendments?
local biomass, like crushed coconut shells, rice straw, and manure
136
Where did Ermia Kebreab grow up?
Eritrea
137
What type of scientist is Kebreab?
an animal scientist
138
When did Kebreab give his TED Talk?
October 2021
139
What was Kebreab's initial goal as an animal scientist?
to improve animal source food production in his home country, Eritrea
140
What is Kebreab's PhD in?
ecological modeling
141
Where did Kebreab get his PhD in ecological modeling from?
University of Reading, UK
142
When did Kebreab get his PhD?
1998
143
How many articles on how to reduce climate impacts of livestock has Kebreab contributed to?
over 250
144
What is Kebreab's talk about?
the potential of seaweed as a solution to reduce methane emissions from cows
145
What does Kebreab begin his talk with?
logos
146
What does Kebreab use here? "Pasture is the single largest type of land on the surface of the Earth today."
logos
147
According to Kebreab, about what percent of Earth's land is used for livestock?
one-quarter, or roughly 25%
148
What causes cows to produce methane?
the fermentation process in their stomachs
149
What does Kebreab use here? "most of the methane is actually burped out, not through the back end"
humor
150
How do cows expel most of their emissions?
through their burps
151
What is the single largest land type on Earth's surface?
pasture
152
What percent of our GHG emissions comes from cow-produced methane?
over 4%
153
How much CO2 equivalent is produced by cows each year?
2 billion tons
154
What does Kebreab use here? "that represents about 2 billion tons of CO2 equivalent per year, or more than 4% of our annual GHG emissions."
logos
155
What does the logos used by Kebreab here highlight? "that represents about 2 billion tons of CO2 equivalent per year, or more than 4% of our annual GHG emissions."
the enormity of the problem
156
What is the main solution offered by Kebreab to the methane emissions produced by cows?
feed them seaweed
157
When Kebreab talks about his research and experiments conducted with seaweed and cows, what is he using?
ethos
158
What is Kebreab using here? "Breanna Roque trapped their methane burps"
humor
159
As an agricultural researcher, what does Kebreab know about the differences between the effectiveness of additives in the lab compared to in real life?
often times additives work well in trials but don't work well in real life
160
In Kebreab's trials, what were the 3 levels of seaweed intake?
no seaweed, 30-40 grams, and 60-80 grams
161
According to Kebreab, what happened as they increased the amount of seaweed fed to cows?
their methane emissions decreased with it
162
What percent emission reduction did Kebreab see in his first experiment with seaweed in cows?
0.67
163
What does Kebreab use here? "Emissions were reduced by up to 67%."
logos
164
What percents of emission reduction were mentioned in Kebreab's talk? (3 percentages)
67%, 80%, and 98%
165
According to Kebreab, how does meat from cows fed seaweed change in regards to nutritional quality and taste?
there was no detected difference in nutritional quality or taste in the meat
166
According to Kebreab, how did feeding the cows seaweed affect their weight?
they actually got a little bigger and fatter
167
According to Kebreab, how does seaweed prevent methane emissions in cows?
they stop microbes in the cow's stomach from forming methane
168
How much did Kebreab say 3-NOPs and other similar additives reduce methane by?
0.3
169
How much did Kebreab garlic and citrus reduce methane by?
0.2
170
According to Kebreab, why not stop eating beef and drinking milk?
it is fine for countries like the US, but in many countries, these foods provide essential nutrients that are hard to find elsewhere
171
What vitamins are almost exclusively found in beef and milk?
vitamin B12 and vitamin A
172
What are vitamins B12 and A critical for?
brain function, vision, and immunity
173
What does Kebreab use here? "I know this firsthand. Growing up in Eritrea, I loved milk and meat when you could get it."
ethos
174
What is Kebreab's call to action?
governments should facilitate the use of methane-reducing feed additives in cattle
175
Cattle industries in many countries have committed to climate neutrality by ______.
2050
176
What specific seaweed is needed to reduce methane emissions from cows?
asparagopsis taxiformis
177
What company does Kebreab mention that is working to provide seaweed as a feed additive to cattle?
Blue Ocean Barns
178
Where does Blue Ocean Barns grow its seaweed?
Hawaii
179
Blue Ocean Barns will have enough seaweed to feed all cattle in the US by when?
2030
180
What does Blue Ocean Barns promise by 2030?
it will produce enough seaweed to feed all cattle in the US by 2030
