Literally just memorization for final

Question 1

Th1Helper cells release what

Answer 1

Release TNF, IFN-y, IL-2

Question 2

TNF function

Answer 2

activate macrophages

Question 3

IFN-Y function

Answer 3

Stimulate macrophages

Question 4

IL-2 function

Answer 4

Promote NK cell activity

Question 5

Which IL’s do Th2 helper T cells release

Answer 5

IL-4, IL- 5, IL- 13

Question 6

IL-4 function

Answer 6

Class switching on B cells–> IgE (Parasites)

Question 7

IL-5 function

Answer 7

Class switching to IgA

Question 8

Which interluken stimulates IgA production

Answer 8

IL-5

Question 9

Which interluken stimulates IgE production

Answer 9

IL-4

Question 10

Which interlukin is the signature cytokine

Answer 10

IL-17

Question 11

IF you have an IL-17 defect, what occurs clinically?

Answer 11

fungi infection

Question 12

Which ILs does TH17 release

Answer 12

IL-17, IL-21, IL-23

Question 13

Which Th is associated with hypersensetivity type 4

Answer 13

TH1 and TH17

Question 14

Which Th is associated with hypersensitivity type 1-3

Answer 14

TH2

Question 15

How do CT lymphocytes kill

Answer 15

release perforin and granzyme B

Question 16

Follicular dendritic cells produce what factor

Answer 16

CXCL13

Question 17

What does CCR7 do

Answer 17

Drives the naive b cell ( Via CCL19/21) towards the region of Lymph Node where B and Th cells interact

Question 18

IgA is a form of what immunity when passed down thorugh breast milk

With Which disease should patients NOT breastfeed?

Answer 18

Passive immunity
Pts with SCID should NOT breastfeed because they could get a virus from the milk.

Question 19

What types of antigens can MHC1 and MHC2 present

Answer 19

Proteins and nucleic acids

Question 20

Which MHC attacks intracellular vs extracellular

Answer 20

MHC1 attacks intracellular, MHC2 attacks extracellular

Question 21

What protein is on APCs that interact with Virgin T helper cells CD28?

Answer 21

B7

Question 22

Is the CD40 on the b cell or T cell

Answer 22

B cell has CD40, T cell has CD40L

Question 23

Neutrophils are especially important for defense against

Answer 23

Bacteria

Question 24

Neutrophils are part of which immune system

Answer 24

Innate

Question 25

Where are neutrophils "born"?

Answer 25

Bone marrow

Question 26

Which of the following is true about how neutrophils “end” their life?

Answer 26

A neutrophil is able to engulf and kill bacteria and subsequently die via apoptosis

Question 27

What is the primary medical problem that people with neutropenia encounter?

Answer 27

Increased risk of serious infection

Question 28

Which of the following is true about a patient with SCN?

Answer 28

SCN: problem in Neutrophil Differentiation, lack mature neutrophils to fight bacteria. A bone marrow biopsy can provide support for the diagnosis of SCN showing problems with maturation of myelocytes.

Question 29

In this case, the neutropenia was caused by a mutation in the ELANE gene. This mutation was:

Answer 29

Recessive

Question 30

What is true about treatment with rhG-CSF for SCN?

Answer 30

-Treatment requires daily injections to increase and maintain neutrophil counts. -Treatment can reduce the risk of developing severe infections -Patients who fail to respond to rhG-CSF may require stem-cell transplantation

Question 31

Where do pathogens go that enter the body via the gastrointestinal tract? What about the blood?

Answer 31

Lymph nodes if in GI tract Spleen if in blood

Question 32

What are the two functions of the spleen?

Answer 32

Filtering blood and producing antibodies

Question 33

There are two main “flags” by which phagocytes recognize pathogens that are the direct result of immune system activation. What are these “flags”?

Answer 33

Antibodies and complement proteins

Question 34

What two bacterial infections are most common in people with asplenia?

Answer 34

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae

Question 35

What long-term treatments are recommended for asplenia?

Answer 35

Immunization and prophylactic antibiotics

Question 36

A patient with X-linked Agammaglobulinema patient was most susceptible to what types of infections?

Answer 36

Extracellular bacteria

Question 37

What is NOT a function of antibodies in respect to T cells

Answer 37

Increase T cell proliferation

Question 38

Which of the following best describes an opportunistic infection?

Answer 38

An infection that occurs when the immune system is compromised, allowing normally harmless microbes to cause disease.

Question 39

What is the result of a mutation in the AID gene

Answer 39

-Hyper IgM syndrome -Deficiency in IgG, IgA and IgE -Reduced ability for B cells to carry out class-switch recombination

Question 40

How is Hyper IgM syndrome inherited

Answer 40

via an autosome or sex chromosome

Question 41

What is the primary function of integrins in leukocytes?

Answer 41

Facilitating cell migration to infection sites

Question 42

What is most characteristic of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)?

Answer 42

Elevated white blood cell count

Question 43

Why do children with LAD experience delayed wound healing, such as delayed umbilical cord separation?

Answer 43

Impaired neutrophil and monocyte migration to the wound site

Question 44

How do patients with LAD typically present in terms of susceptibility to infections?

Answer 44

B) They have recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections

Question 45

What is a common oral manifestation of LAD in surviving patients?

Answer 45

B) Severe Gingivitis

Question 46

What finding on a newborn exam would concern you for LAD?

Answer 46

D. Umbilical cord separation delay

Question 47

How is SCID inherited

Answer 47

X-linked

Question 48

What do you NOT give patients with SCID

Answer 48

Live vaccines (MMR, rotavirus, varicilla)

Question 49

How are SCID patients screened at birth

Answer 49

Measurement of TRECs is a way to measure thymopoiesis as TRECs are produced during the maturation process of T lymphocytes.

Question 50

What types of cells are in normal numbers in a patient's blood who has SCID

Answer 50

B cells

Question 51

What type of hypersensitivity is Allergic Asthma

Answer 51

Type 1

Question 52

Which cell types are involved in asthma?

Answer 52

CD4+ Th2 cells Mast cells Eosinophils

Question 53

Which compounds cause the late-phase of an allergic reaction? (Choose ALL that apply)

Answer 53

Leukotrienes Cytokines Eosinophil products

Question 54

What transcription factor do Tregs require for development

Answer 54

FOXp3

Question 55

What happens if FOXp3 is not expressed

Answer 55

no Treg activation