Liver

Question 1

What clotting proteins are produced by liver

Answer 1

Factor 10, 9, 7, 2 C, S (vitamin K)

fibrinogen

Question 2

What anti-clotting proteins are produced by liver

Answer 2

Plasminogen

Antithrombin III

Question 3

What hormones are produced by liver

Answer 3

Thrombopoietin–> platelet formation
IGF-1–> Muscles, bones, cartilage
Angiotensinogen —> Angiotensin II

Question 4

What immune proteins are produced by liver

Answer 4

Compliment proteins (C1-C9)
C-Reactive peptide

Question 5

What apoproteins are produced by liver

Answer 5

A, B, C, D, E

Question 6

What proteins are produced by liver

Answer 6

Albumin
alpha/beta globulins
clotting factor
anti-clotting factor
apoproteins
immune proteins
hormones

Question 7

What do chylomicrons transport

Answer 7

Triglyceride
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
Vitamin A, D, E , K

Question 8

What is xenobiotics

Answer 8

any substance that is not naturally present in the body/ produced in the body/ higher concentration in the body

Question 9

Where is cholesterol derived from?

Answer 9

Chylomicrons

High levels of acetyl CoA

Question 10

What are the primary bile acids

Answer 10

Cholic acids

Chenodeoxycholic acid

Question 11

Where are the primary bile acids derived from

Answer 11

Cholesterol

Question 12

How are primary bile acids converted to secondary bile acids

Answer 12

Entero-hepatic circulation:
bile acids travel from liver to biliary system into intestine. They are metabolised by bacteria and travel back into liver via portal circulation.

Question 13

Blood supply of artery

Answer 13

25% Hepatic Artery proper

75% Portal vein

Question 14

The anatomical position of the liver

Answer 14

right hypochondriac
epigastric
(a bit)left hypochondriac

Question 15

Where do the portal venule and hepatic arteriole drain into

Answer 15

central vein

Question 16

Central veins join together to form

Answer 16

Interlobular vein and when several interlobular veins join together the drain into to hepatic vein

Question 17

What capillaries are most permeable, why

Answer 17

Sinusoidal which are present within liver lobule
Have large pores and intercellular clefts allows for macromolecules, plasma, solutes to move in and out of the blood vessel and into the interstitial spaces

Question 18

Where can you find sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 18

Liver
Spleen
Red bone marrow

Question 19

Where can you find Kupffer cells in the liver

Answer 19

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 20

What do sinusoidal capillaries have the ability to do ?

Answer 20

Breakdown of old red blood cells

Question 21

Excessive tissue injury can result to what within stellate cells

Answer 21

become myofibroblasts and produce numerous collage 1 fibres

Question 22

Composition of hepatocytes

Answer 22

Microvilli

Also has junction between adjacent canaliculi so bile can be secreted

Question 23

When looking at the classic liver lobule what blood flow are we trying to look at ?

Answer 23

Blood flow Portal vein and Hepatic Arteriole to central vein

Question 24

When looking at the portal lobule what blood flow are we trying to look at ?

Answer 24

Direction of bile flow

Question 25

When looking at the acinus lobule what blood flow are we trying to look at ?

Answer 25

Flow of O2 rich blood