liver

Question 1

what LFT ratio is good for alcholic hepatitis

Answer 1

AST:ALT

Question 2

what AST:ALT ratio is suggestive of alcoholi hapetitis

Answer 2

> 3

Question 3

treatment for acute episode of alcoholi hepatitis

Answer 3

steroid e.g prednisolone

Question 4

when are mallory bodies seen

Answer 4

alcoholic hepatitis

Question 5

most common cause of liver disease in the developed world

Answer 5

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 6

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is patholigically identicle to…?

Answer 6

alcoholic liver disease

Question 7

key mechanism for steatosis in NASH is through …?

Answer 7

insulin resistance

Question 8

associated factors of NAFLD

Answer 8

obestity
T2DM
Hyperlipideamia
sudden weight loss

Question 9

what is seen on ultrasound in NAFLD

Answer 9

increase echognicity

Question 10

diagnosis of NAFLD

Answer 10

enhance liver fibrsis (ELF test) - blood test

Question 11

management of NAFLD

Answer 11

weight loss

Question 12

diagnostic test for liver cirrhosis

Answer 12

transient elastography

Question 13

how is hep B spread

Answer 13

exposure to infected blood or body fluids, including vertical transmission from mother to child.

Question 14

symptoms of hep b

Answer 14

fever jaundice deranged LFT’S

Question 15

complications of hep B

Answer 15

chronic hepatitis
hepatocellular carcinoma
GN
polyarteritis nodosum
cryoglobinaemia

Question 16

what hepatitis’ can become chronic

Answer 16

B and C

Question 17

what Ig is hepatitis B

Answer 17

IgM

Question 18

how is hep E spread

Answer 18

faceal oral route

Question 19

if someone has severe heaptitis in preganncy what shoud you thinl

Answer 19

hep E

Question 20

who gets Hep D

Answer 20

those already infected with Hep B

Question 21

how is hep C spread

Answer 21

via blood-to -blood

Question 22

most at risk of Hep c

Answer 22

iVDU

Question 23

can you breast feed with hep c

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

is there a vaccine for hep C

Answer 24

NO

Question 25

features of hep C

Answer 25

fever arthralgia

Question 26

diagnostic test for Hep C

Answer 26

HCV RNA

Question 27

treatment of hepatitis B

Answer 27

pegylated interferon alpha

Question 28

what is a common feature of autoimmune hepatitis that does not involve liver symptoms

Answer 28

amenorrhoea

Question 29

antibodies seen in autoimmune heaptitis

Answer 29

ANA ASMA and LMK1

Question 30

what autoimmune hepatitis is only seen in children and what antibody is assoc with this

Answer 30

type 2 LMK1

Question 31

what Ig is raised in autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 31

IgG

Question 32

piecemeal necrosis on liver biospy indicates...?

Answer 32

autoimmune heaptitis

Question 33

treatment of autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 33

steroids

Question 34

who gets PBC

Answer 34

middle ages women

Question 35

does PBC involve the intra or extra hepatic ducts

Answer 35

intra

Question 36

what is the classic presentation of PBC

Answer 36

itching in a middle aged woman

Question 37

end result of PBC

Answer 37

liver cirrhosisi

Question 38

what conditions are assoc with PBC

Answer 38

sjogrens RA systemic sclerosi s thyroid disease

Question 39

what would be seen on immunolgy in PBC

Answer 39

AMA M2 subtype raised IgM

Question 40

what test must be doen before diagnosis of PBC and why

Answer 40

a RUQ USS or MRCP to exclude biliary obstruction

Question 41

management of PBC

Answer 41

urseodeoxycolic acid

Question 42

what can be given for itch in PBC

Answer 42

cholestyramine

Question 43

what vitamins need to be supplemented in PBC

Answer 43

fat soluble vitamins eg ADEK

Question 44

PBC increases risk of what cancer

Answer 44

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 45

most common chrons symptom in children versus adults

Answer 45

children - abdo pian adults - diarrhoea

Question 46

what is someone injected with in the heaptitis B Vaccine

Answer 46

HBsAg- surface antigen

Question 47

What is the most specific blood result for progressing to cirrhosis in individuals with chronic liver disease

Answer 47

thrombocytopenia

Question 48

cardiac effect of carcinoid tumours

Answer 48

affect right side of the heart pulmonary stenosis and tricupsid regurgitation

Question 49

complications of enteral feeding

Answer 49

diarrhoea aspiration hyperglycaemia and refeeding

Question 50

what x-ray is doen for upper abdo pain

Answer 50

erect CXR

Question 51

what artery is most likely bleeding in a duodenal ulcer

Answer 51

gsatroduodenal ulcer

Question 52

triad of symptoms in budd chairi

Answer 52

abdo pain ascites render heaptomegaly

Question 53

painless jaundice with palpable gallbladder

Answer 53

cancer - biliary or pancreatic

Question 54

inheritance pattern in haemochromatosis

Answer 54

auto recessive

Question 55

what stain is used to identify iron on liver

Answer 55

perls prussian blue

Question 56

gene involevd in haemochromatosisi

Answer 56

HFE

Question 57

treatment of haemochromatosisi

Answer 57

venesection

Question 58

inheritance pattern of wilsons

Answer 58

auto recessive

Question 59

where does copper accummulate in wilsons

Answer 59

liver and basal ganglia

Question 60

what test is used to identify wilsons and what would result be

Answer 60

decrease serum ceruloplasmin

Question 61

what happens to free an bound serum copper in wilsons

Answer 61

free is increased bound is decreased as most is bound to ceruloplasmin

Question 62

Tx of wilsons

Answer 62

copper chelating drugs e.g. penacilliamine

Question 63

gene implicated in wilsons

Answer 63

ATP7B

Question 64

inheritance of alpha 1

Answer 64

auto recessive

Question 65

gene implicated in alpha 1

Answer 65

A1AT

Question 66

symptoms of diverticular disease

Answer 66

PR bleeding abdo pain altered bowel habit bloating

Question 67

what tests are used to minotr haemochromatosis

Answer 67

transferrinn and derum ferritin

Question 68

a SAAG level of what indicates a portl hypertension cause in ascites

Answer 68

>11g/L

Question 69

in patients with ascites when shoudl prophylactic bacterial peritonitis antibitotics be given and what type

Answer 69

patients who have had an episode of SBP patients with fluid protein <15 g/l and either Child-Pugh score of at least 9 or hepatorenal syndrome oral ciprofloxacin

Question 70

first line antibody testing in coeliac

Answer 70

IgA and IgA TTG

Question 71

what Hb level warrants blood tranfusion

Answer 71

<70g/l or <80 if IHD