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sonography > liver, gallbladder, pancreas > Flashcards

liver, gallbladder, pancreas Flashcards

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0
Q

Fluid accumulation caused by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free floating panc enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

A

Pancreatic ascites

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1
Q

Hereditary disease that causes excessive production of thick mucus

A

Cystic fibrosis

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2
Q

Enlargement of gallbladder

A

Hydrops

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3
Q

Abnormal increase in WBCs caused by infection

A

Leukocytosis

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4
Q

“Sterile abcess” or collection of panc enzymes that collect in the abdomen, usually in or near pancreas

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst

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5
Q

Space or cavity that is filled with fluid, but doesn’t have a true endothelial lining

A

Pseudocyst

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6
Q

Enzyme secreted by pancreas to aid in digestion of carbohydrates

A

Amylase

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7
Q

Hormone that cause glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and allows circulating glucose to enter tissue cells

A

Insulin

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8
Q

Pancreatic function that involves digestion

A

Exocrine

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9
Q

Pancreatic function involving hormone insulin

A

Endocrine

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10
Q

Serves as posterior border to body of pancreas

A

Splenic vein

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11
Q

Head of panc

A

Lies in c-loop; gastroduodenal artery anteriolateral border, and CBD is posteriolateral border

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12
Q

Forms right, sup border of body and head of panc. Gives rise to gastroduodenal art.

A

Splenic artery

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13
Q

Lies post. To neck or body of panc, and ant. To uncinate process

A

SMV

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14
Q

Small, curved tip of head of pancreas.

A

Uncinate process

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15
Q

Lies in epigastrium ant. To SMV and SMA, AO, and IVC.

A

Pancreas

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16
Q

Junction of splenic vein and main portal vein; post to body of panc.

A

Portal-splenic confluence

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17
Q

Tapered end of panc. That lies in left hypochondrium near hilus of spleen and upper pole of left kidney.

A

Tail of panc.

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18
Q

Positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpitation

A

Murphy’s sign

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19
Q

Stones in bile duct

A

Choledocholithiasis

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20
Q

Small septum within GB, usually arising from post. Wall

A

Junctional fold

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21
Q

Cystic growth on CBD that may cause obstruction

A

Choledochal cyst

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22
Q

Inflammation of GB; may be acute or chronic

A

Cholecystitis

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23
Q

Small polyploid projections from GB wall

A

Adenomyomatosis

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24
Inflammation of bile duct
Cholangitis
25
Calcification of GB wall
Porcelain GB
26
GB variant in which part of GB folds in on itself
Phrygian cap
27
Small part of the GB the lies near cystic duct where stones may collect
Hartmann's cap
28
Connects the GB with the common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
29
Small opening in duodenum in which panc duct and CBD enter to release secretions
Ampulla of vater
30
Extends from point where common hepatic duct meets cystic duct; drains into duodenum after it joins with main panc duct
CBD
31
Develops when normal venous channels become obstructed
Collateral circulation
32
Pus-forming collection of fluid
Pyogenic abcess
33
Affects hepatocytes and interferes with liver function
Diffuse hepatocellular disease
34
Most common form of neoplasm of liver; primary sites are colon, breast and lung
Metastatic disease
35
Hypoecheoic mass with an echogenic central core
Bull's eye lesion
36
Classification of liver disease where main prob is blocked bile excretion within liver or biliary system
Obstructive disease
37
Blood urea nitrogen; lab measurement of amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in blood
BUN
38
Liver disease where hepatocytes are primary problem
Hepatocellular disease
39
Enzyme of liver
Bile
40
Asparate aminotransferase-enzyme of liver
Ast
41
Alanine aminotransferase
ALT
42
Yellow pigment in bile formed by breakdown of RBCs; excreted by liver and stored in gallbladder
Bilirubin
43
Enters liver at porta hepatis
Pv and hepatic art
44
Extends from umbilicus to diaphragm in sagital plane and contains ligamentum teres
Falciform ligament
45
Boundary between right and left lobes of liver; seen as hyperechoic line on sagital image extending from PV to neck of GB
Main lobar fissure
46
Lies in epigastrium and left hypochondrium
Left lobe of liver
47
Area sup. to liver not covered by peritoneum
Bare area
48
Separates left lobe from caudate lobe; shown as echogenic line in transverse and sagital images
Ligamentum venosum
49
Smallest lobe of liver
Caudate lobe
50
Congenital variant; sometimes seen as anterior projection of liver. May extend as far as iliac crest
Reidel's lobe
51
Liver is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue called
Glisson's capsule
52
The only type of sugar that can be used in the body as a form of energy is
Glucose
53
The accompanying loss of oncotic pressure in the vascular system allows fluid to migrate into the interstitial space, resulting in _________ in dependent areas
Edema
54
Within homogeneous parenchyma lie the thin walled ______________, the brightly reflective _______________, the _______________ arteries! and the _____________ duct.
Hepatic veins Portal veins Hepatic Hepatic
55
Four criteria to assess when evaluating liver parenchyma
1. Size 2. Configuration 3. Homogeneity 4. Contour
56
In focal sparing, the most common affected areas are ant. To the _________ or portal vein and the post. Portion of the _____________ of the liver.
Gallbladder | Liver
57
List four of the eight sonographic findings for cirrhosis of the liver
Hepatomegaly in early stages Liver volume decreases in rt lobe and inc. in lt and caudate lobe Increased echogenicity Decreased vascularity
58
Benign, congenital tumor consisting of large, blood-filled cystic spaces
Cavernous hemangioma
59
Bile is principal medium of secretion of bilirubin and
Cholesterol
60
Sonographically, the common duct lies ________ and to the _______ of the portal vein in the region of the porta hepatis and gastrohepatic ligament
Anterior | Right
61
The hepatic artery lies _________ and to the ________ of the portal vein
Anterior | Middle (medial??)
62
On a transverse scan, the common duct, hepatic artery, and portal vein make up what's called the
Mickey Mouse sign
63
Normal wall thickness of GB
3 mm
64
Hyperplastic change in GB wall
Andenomyomatosis
65
Pancreas is more ________ and _______ than liver
Isoechoic and hyperechoic
66
Major post. Landmarks of panc are the
AO and IVC
67
Superior border of panc is the tortuous
Splenic artery
68
Receives tributaries from lobules and enters medial second part of duodenum with CBD at ampulla of vater
Duct of virusung
69
Pancreas is both an _________ and __________ gland
Endocrine | Exocrine
70
Failure of pancreas to furnish sufficient insulin leads to
Diabetes
71
Pancreas cells that perform exocrine function
Acini
72
There are specific enzymes of the panc. That may become altered in pancreatic disease, namely
Amylase and lipase
73
Controls blood sugar levels in body
Glucose
74
An acute attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to
Alcoholism or biliary tract disease
75
Normal common bile duct measues
6mm
76
Right and left hepatic ducts merge to form
Common hepatic duct
77
Hepatic duct joins the cystic duct to form the
Common bile duct
78
Majority of pancreas lies in
Retroperitoneum
79
Pancreas found behind
Lesser | Omental sac
80
What passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head
Common bile duct
81
Symp:history of alcoholsism, acute pancreatitis, decrease in hypotension and hematocrit
Dx: hemorrhagic pancreatitis
82
Painless jaundice, weight loss, decrease in apetite
Adenocarcinoma of pancreas
83
Twice normal level of amylase indicates
Acute pancreatitis
84
Most common in sheep herding countries
Eccinococcal cysts
85
Budd-chiari syndrome caused by obstruction of
Hepatic veins
86
Where does AO enter heart
Right atrium

sonography (3 decks)

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