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spleen Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal measurements of the spleen

A

12 cm long, 7 cm wide, 3-4 cm thick

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2
Q

Spleen that has migrated from its normal position in the left upper quadrant

A

Wandering spleen

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3
Q

Small rounded mass found near hilum or inferior border of spleen in up to 30% of patients. May be confused with lymph nodes

A

Accessory spleen

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4
Q

Function of spleen

A

Production of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and antibodies. Storage of iron and other metabolites

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5
Q

Enters at splenic hilum; branches into six smaller arteries . Subject to infarction. Travels along superior border of pancreas

A

Splenic artery

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6
Q

Formed by multiple branches in spleen. Leaves hilum in horizontal direction to join superior mesenteric vein. Travels along posterior border on pancreas

A

Splenic vein

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7
Q

Main function of spleen

A

Filter peripheral blood

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8
Q

Spleen active in

A

Hematopoiesis

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9
Q

Proper patient position to evaluate spleen

A

Right lateral decubitus

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10
Q

Chronic disease of unknown cause that involves all bone marrow elements

A

Polycythemia vera

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11
Q

Results in massive splenomegaly

A

Myelofibrosis

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12
Q

Spleen lies in

A

Left hypochondrium

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13
Q

Spleen is a

A

Peritoneal organ

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14
Q

Tetrahedral or triangular part of spleen

A

Orange segment

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15
Q

Covers spleen with peritoneum

A

Protective capsule

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16
Q

Portion of splenic capsule firmly adhered to fused dorsal mesentery, anterior to upper pole of the left kidney

A

Bare area

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17
Q

Attaches spleen to stomach and kidney

A

Splenorenal ligament

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18
Q

Separate lesser sac posteriorly from greater sac

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

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19
Q

Returns unoxygenated blood from bowel to form main portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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20
Q

Emerge from splenic hilum, pass through outer lymph nodes along course of splenic artery

A

Lymph vessels

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21
Q

Largest lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

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22
Q

Accompany splenic artery and are derived from splenic plexus

A

Nerves

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23
Q

Diaphragm, left pleura, left lung, and ribs

A

Are above and behind the spleen

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24
Q

Fundus of stomach, lesser sac and panc tail are

A

Medial and anterior to splenic hilum

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25
Left kidney and adrenal gland are
Inferior and medial to spleen
26
A mass in luq may displace spleen
Inferiorly
27
May be secondary to a subclavian abscess, splenic cyst, or Lt pleural effusion
Caudal displacement
28
May result from volume loss in Lt lung, Lt lobe pneumonia, paralysis of Lt hemidiaphragm, or large intrabdominal mass
Cephalic displacement
29
Absent spleen, rare, reversed position of AO and IVC
Asplenia or splenic aegenisis
30
Multiple spleens, absent GB, cardiac defects
Polysplenia
31
Anomalous placement or transportation of viscera or parts
Visceral heterotaxy
32
normal arrangment of asymmetric body parts
situs solitus
33
mirror image of situs solitus
situs inversus
34
disruption on the development of normal asymetric arrangement of abd organs and vessels
situs ambiguous
35
patients with asplenia may have _________ which means, two orphologic right lungs, midline location of the liver, reversed position of the AO and IVC, anomalous pulmonary venous return, and horshoe kidney
bilateral right sidedness
36
Patients with polyspenia have __________ which means two left lungs, left-sided azygos continuation of an interupted IVC, biliary atresia, absect GB, GI malrotation,and cardiovascular abnormalities
bilateral left sidedness
37
not essential to life, filters forgien materials from blood, forms antibodies
spleen
38
have elastic properties that allow the spleen to distend when filled with blood
venous sinuses
39
Spleen also functions as a
blood reservoir
40
within the lobules of the speen are tissues called
pulp
41
contains large numbers of lymphocytes, and helps protect the body from infection
white pulp
42
contains large numbers of red blood cells
red pulp
43
occurs throughout the entire reticuloendothelial system, but half of the catabolic activiy is localized to spleen
Phagocytosis of erythrocytes; breakdown of hemoglobin
44
the major portion of hemoglobin breakdown occurs in the spleen
splenomegaly
45
In anomalies such as the hemolytic anemias, the splenic phagocytes become engorged with _________ when erythrocyte destruction is accelerated
hemosiderin
46
process of removing nuclei from RBCs
pitting
47
process by which the spleen removes abnormal RBCs
culling
48
Indicates the percentage of RBCs per volume of blood. Abnormally low readings indicate hemorrhage or internal bleeding
hematocrit
49
indicates the presence of bacteria withing the body
bacteremia
50
indicates bacteria in the bloodstream
sepsis
51
increase in number of white blood cells
leukocytosis
52
decrease in white blood cells
leukopenia
53
decrease in platlets
thrombocytopenia
54
splenic parechyma should have fine uniform homogenous mid-to-low level echo pattern, as seen within the liver
normal texture
55
spleen has two components joined at the hilum
superomedial and inferomedial
56
diagnosed when spleen measures more than 13 cm
splenomegaly
57
Nonvizualization of the spleen may occur in:
atrophy wasting diseases chronich hemolytic anemias autosplenectomy
58
What to look for sonographically in spleen:
contour homogeniety parenchyma vascular patterns
59
The medial segment of the spleen may cross the midline and mimic a _________ inferior to the left lobe of the liver
mass
60
active hyperemia is a reaction in the moderately enlarged spleen
acute congestion
61
diffuse enlargement, may be of systemic origin cause by intrahepatic obs to portal veinous drainage or by obstructive venous disorders in the portal or splenic veins.
Chronic venous congestion
62
a disease that occurs when substances called amyloid proteins build up in the organs
amyloidosis
63
types of involvment seen in amyloidosis
nodular and difuse
64
sonographic findings of gaucher disease
splenomegaly multiple nodules (irregulare, hyperechoic, or mixed) diffuse inhomogeniety
65
Spleen enlarged with significant congestion of the red pulp in early stages of
sickle cell anemia
66
what are sonographic findings of sickle cell anemia
acute sickle cell crisis | subacute hemorrhage that appears as hypo echoic area in periphery of the spleen
67
Lifespan of the RBCs is short because they are destroyed by the spleen in large numbers. Two catagories are alpha-thalassmemia and beta-thalassemia
Thalassemia
68
Includes cases of acute hyperplasia
granulocytopoietic abnormalites
69
uncommon, may be the result of sepsis due to endocarditis or dental infection
splenic abscess
70
almost always the result of emboli that arise from the heart (valves from lt side of heart)
splenic infarction
71
sonographic findings of splenic infarction
fresh hemorrhage healed infarction localized hypoechoic area
72
spleen most commonly injured as result of
blunt abdominal trauma
73
if the patient has severe LUQ pain secondary to trauma ________________ or _____________ should be considered
splenic hematoma | subscapular hematoma
74
If the ______________, the outcome may be intraparenchymal or sub scapular hematoma
capsule is intact
75
it the _________________, a focal or free intraperitoneal hematoma may form
capsule ruptures
76
focal hematomas may have
intrasplenic fluid collections
77
is seen in patients with subscapular hematomas
perisplenic fluid

sonography (3 decks)

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