Liver pathology

Question 1

what does that hepatic triad consist of

Answer 1

hepatic artery, portal vein , bile duct

Question 2

zone 1

Answer 2

periportal, most perfused

Question 3

zone 2

Answer 3

intermediated area

Question 4

zone 3

Answer 4

centrilobular, least perfused

Question 5

where is the space of disse

Answer 5

between sinusoid and heptacytes

Question 6

space of disse are home to

Answer 6

kuppfer and ito cells

Question 7

when is ballooning seen

Answer 7

in degeneration of irregularly clumped organelles in cytoplasm

Question 8

chronic inflammation is defined as how long

Answer 8

6 months

Question 9

acute/chronic associated with generalized destruction of entire hepatic lobules

Answer 9

acute

Question 10

tq bridging fibrosis is seen in

Answer 10

chronic hepatitis

Question 11

precursor to fibrosis

Answer 11

ito cell

Question 12

Is cirrhosis a specfic diease

Answer 12

no its is not

Question 13

What four things are needed for you to have cirrhosis

Answer 13

bridging of fibrous septae, reorganized vascularity, regenerative parenchymal nodules, diffuse scars

Question 14

what kind of scar doesn’t count for cirrhosis

Answer 14

focal scars they wont obstruct blood flow

Question 15

most common cause of cirrhosis in the western world

Answer 15

alcohol

Question 16

Ito cell function in cirrosis

Answer 16

they synthesize collagen which will contribute to the fibrosis

Question 17

Ito cells convert to

Answer 17

myofibroblastic cells

Question 18

Activated ito cells

Answer 18

synthesize excess collagen leads to eventual bridging septae with fibrosis

Question 19

Portal hypertension most common cause

Answer 19

cirrhosis

Question 20

TQ Complication of cirrhosis

Answer 20

portosystemic shunting, caput medusae

Question 21

how is cirrhosis and encephalopathy related

Answer 21

progresssive liver failure via cirrhosis leads to increased ammonia, which leads to encephalopathy

Question 22

Vast majority of liver failure is acute/chronic

Answer 22

chronic

Question 23

3 major causes of massive hepatic necrosis

Answer 23

acetaminophen, amanita phalloides, unknown

Question 24

Examples of Hepatic dysfunction without overt necrosis

Answer 24

reyes syndrome, tetracycline toxicity, acute fattty liver of pregnancy

Question 25

Hepatic dysfunction without overt necrosis what ahppen to hepatocytes

Answer 25

are viable, but unable to perform normal function

Question 26

Hepatorenal Syndrome due to

Answer 26

poor renal perfusion

Question 27

what is hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 27

hepatic failure leading to renal failure

Question 28

Jaundice is the clinical sign of

Answer 28

Hyperbilirubinemia and cholestatic injury

Question 29

What is the bilirubin cycle? (the proces by which bilirubin is made)

Answer 29

HEME-->Biliverdin-->Bilirubin

Question 30

what can cause intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction

Answer 30

PSC

Question 31

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is due to

Answer 31

autoimmune diease

Question 32

autoimmune diease of intrahepatic ducts

Answer 32

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 33

TQ patient has increased levels of GGT and ALP, what is the next test that should be done

Answer 33

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

Question 34

What are Anti-mitochondrial antibodies specific for

Answer 34

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 35

Results from chronic obstruction of biliary tract, and gallstones are very common

Answer 35

secondary biliary Cirrhosis

Question 36

Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis results from what

Answer 36

chronic obstruction of the biliary tract, gallstones are most common

Question 37

Primary sclerosing cholangitis affects tq

Answer 37

intra and extrahepatic bile ducts

Question 38

What does PSC look like on a radiograph

Answer 38

beaded

Question 39

Onion Skin Lesion TQ

Answer 39

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 40

Occurs in children given aspirin for viral induced fever

Answer 40

Reye's syndrome

Question 41

What is the only irreversible liver condition

Answer 41

CIrrhosis

Question 42

Where do you see the most prominent amount of accumulation of lipid droplets in Alcoholic liver diease

Answer 42

zone 3

Question 43

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Answer 43

obstruction of 2 or more major hepatic veins

Question 44

most common neoplasm of the liver

Answer 44

metastatic diease

Question 45

Most common liver tumor in pediatric population

Answer 45

Hepatoblastoma

Question 46

Most common sarcoma in liver

Answer 46

Angiosarcoma

Question 47

TQ most common cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Answer 47

HBV

Question 48

What is elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 48

AFP

Question 49

Risk factor for Cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 49

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 50

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis increase risk of

Answer 50

Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 51

What is the most common neoplasm of liver

Answer 51

metastatic neoplasm

Question 52

Wilson's Disease mode of inheritance

Answer 52

Autosomal recessive

Question 53

TQ A1-AT leads to

Answer 53

emphysema, and cirrhosis

Question 54

What deficiency can lead to emphysema or cirrhosis

Answer 54

A1-AT Deficiency

Question 55

This causes hepatocellular dysfunction wihtout overt necrosis

Answer 55

reye's syndrome

Question 56

what is the leading worldwide cause of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 56

Hepatitis B