neuromuscular disease and disease of the peripheral nervous system

Question 1

medial nerves of the motor unit innervate

Answer 1

proximal muscles

Question 2

lateral nerves of the motor unit innervate

Answer 2

distal muscles

Question 3

what makes mylein in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

schwann cells

Question 4

how does myelin in the pns differ from that of the CNS

Answer 4

pns myelin contain a high proportion of sphingomyelins and glycoproteins

Question 5

what to myelin products are specfic to the pns

Answer 5

myelin protein zero, and myelien basic protein

Question 6

in the pns what is the ratio of schwann cells to myelinated axon internodal segments

Answer 6

1 to 1

Question 7

what is the ratio of schwanna cells to unmyelinated axons

Answer 7

5-20 per unmyelinated axon

Question 8

connective tissue enclosing the entire nerve contains blood vessels

Answer 8

epineruium

Question 9

encloses each nerve fascicle form a tight blood nerve barrier

Answer 9

perineruium

Question 10

encloses individual nerve fibers

Answer 10

endoneurium

Question 11

Tight junctions between perineural cells

Answer 11

perineural barrier

Question 12

Tight junctions between cells that form the outer layer of
the arachnoid membrane which fuse with the perineurium
of the roots and cranial nerves as they leave the arachnoid
space

Answer 12

brain csf barrier

Question 13

Tight junction formed by endothelial cells in capillaries

derived from vasa nervorum

Answer 13

blood- brain barrier

Question 14

how to axons get protein

Answer 14

Protein synthesis does not occur in the axon
• Axoplasmic flow delivers proteins and other
substances from the cell body

Question 15

what allows your body to be so warm

Answer 15

skeletal muscle provides us with much of our heat

Question 16

Slow-twitch

Answer 16

type 1

Question 17

• High in myoglobin and oxidative enzymes
• Many mitochondria
• Fatigue resistant
• Red
• Scant glycogen, abundant lipids

Answer 17

Type 1

Question 18

type one action

Answer 18

sustained force, weight bearing

Question 19

TQ Increase with androgenic steroids

type one or two muscle

Answer 19

type 2

Question 20

fast twich

Answer 20

type 2

Question 21

what determines the myofiber type

Answer 21

the motor neuron

Question 22

Sequential episodes of demyelination and
remyelination leads to a concentric layering of
schwann cell processes (onion bulb formation)

Answer 22

segmental demyelination TQ

Question 23

what happens when skeletal muscle becomes separated from

the LMN

Answer 23

atophy

Question 24

tq what happens in atrophy

Answer 24

Myofibers become angular, compressed by surrounding

normal myofibers

Question 25

type grouping muscle fiber atrophy is a result of TQ

Answer 25

loss of innervation with reinnervation

Question 26

describe type grouping

Answer 26

loss of checkerboard pattern of type 1 and type 2 myofibers TQ

Question 27

Occurs when a type group becomes denervated

Answer 27

Group atrophy

Question 28

what is the rate at which nerves sproat

Answer 28

2mm per day thus very slow

Question 29

tq clincal course of Gullain-Barre

Answer 29

ascending paralysis, increased CSF protein

Question 30

what is hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy 1 known as

Answer 30

charcot-marie-tooth disease

Question 31

mode of inheritance of HMSN1

Answer 31

AD

Question 32

tq symptoms of HMSN 1

Answer 32

progressive muscular atrophy of the calf (peroneal muscular atrophy) Presents as distal muscle weaknes, atrophy of the calf, or secondary orthopedic problems of the foot (pes cavus)

Question 33

Progressive muscular atrophy of the calf | peroneal muscular atrophy

Answer 33

HMSN I

Question 34

Presents as distal muscle weakness, atrophy of the calf, or secondary orthopedic problems of the foot (pes cavus)

Answer 34

HMSN I

Question 35

What is the only HMSN that doesnt have onion bulbs

Answer 35

type II, | both type I and III have onion bulbs

Question 36

what is degenerated in hmsn 1

Answer 36

posterior columns of spinal cord

Question 37

what is the charcot-marie tooth diease, but the NEURONAL FORM

Answer 37

HMSN II

Question 38

Charcot-marie-tooth diease HYPERTROPHIC form

Answer 38

HMSN I

Question 39

Autosomal recessive HMSN

Answer 39

III

Question 40

Dejerine-Sottas Disease

Answer 40

HMSN III

Question 41

HMSN that Begins in EARLY childhood – Delay in acquisition of motor skills – Distal weakness is accompanied by truncal weakness – Areflexia – Enlarged, often palpable, peripheral nerves

Answer 41

HMSN III

Question 42

Peripheral Neuropathy (Distal/proximal) symmetric sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy is most common

Answer 42

distal

Question 43

what is more common mononeuropathy or polyradiculopathy in DM

Answer 43

polyradiculopathy

Question 44

what is the most effected cranial nerve in monmoneuropathy

Answer 44

occulomotor nerve

Question 45

tq 65% of predialysis patients have evidence of a

Answer 45

uremic neuropathy

Question 46

TQ uremic neuropathy is a (proximal or distal), (symmetric or asymmetric) neuropathy

Answer 46

Distal, symmetric neuropathy

Question 47

what vitamins can cause axonal neuropathys

Answer 47

thiamine deficiency (b3), B12, B6, E

Question 48

what will a thiamin dief cause as far as peripheral neruopathies go

Answer 48

dry beriberi

Question 49

what three antimircobial can cause peripheral neuropathies

Answer 49

isoniazid, chloramphenicol, linezolid

Question 50

what cardiac drugs can cause peripheral neuropathy

Answer 50

amodarone, hydralazine

Question 51

what antineoplastic drugs can cause peripheral neuropathies

Answer 51

cisplatin, carboplatin, vincistine

Question 52

what is the most common site for a Mortans neuroma

Answer 52

Third MTP interspace

Question 53

who is more likely to get a a morton neuroma

Answer 53

females as they were high-heeled shoes

Question 54

mulder click used for

Answer 54

mortan neuroma

Question 55

does a mortans neurom effect a dorsal or plantar nerve

Answer 55

plantar

Question 56

walking on a pebble

Answer 56

mortan neuroma

Question 57

what is the most common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 57

compression of the median nerve at the level of the wrist

Question 58

where will you experiance numbness and parethesias in carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 58

the thumb and first two digits as the median nerve has been compressed at the wrist

Question 59

predisposing factor to carpal runnel syndrome

Answer 59

excess use of the wrist, DJD, hypothriodism, amyloidosis

Question 60

what nerve is typically impinged in a mortan normal

Answer 60

plantar common digital nerve of the 3 webspace

Question 61

Benign encapsulated nerve sheath tumors | composed of cells derived from Schwann cells

Answer 61

Schwannoma

Question 62

Schwannoma | most are genetic or sporadic

Answer 62

sporadic

Question 63

TQ what are schwannomas asscociated with

Answer 63

neurofibromatosis type 2

Question 64

Neurofibromatosis type 2

Answer 64

Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple tumors: schwannoma, meningioma, glioma, ependymoma

Question 65

Association with Neurofibromatosis type 2

Answer 65

Schwannoma

Question 66

(Verocay bodies

Answer 66

• Antoni A which is part of schwannoma

Question 67

hypocellular areas with cells | loosely arranged in a myxoid stroma

Answer 67

Antony B regions

Question 68

Schwannoma: Clinical Features

Answer 68

• Tinnitus, hearing loss

Question 69

Schwannoma • Treatment:

Answer 69

surgical excision

Question 70

When is recurrence common after surgical excision of a schwannoma

Answer 70

if you have NF2

Question 71

When is recurrence common after surgical excision of a schwannoma

Answer 71

if you have NF2