Liver Symposium

Question 1

What types of viruses are enteric viruses?

Answer 1

Hep A and E

Question 2

What type of viruses are parenteral viruses?

Answer 2

Hep B, C and D

Question 3

What the types of viruses that cause self limiting acute infections?

Answer 3

Hep A and E

Question 4

What are the types of viruses that cause chronic disease?

Answer 4

Hep B, C and D

Question 5

What are the types of transmission for hepatitis A?

Answer 5

Faecal - oral
Sexual
Blood

Question 6

How is acute disease from hep A diagnosed?

Answer 6

IgM antibodies

Question 7

What groups of people are more at risk of Hep A virus?

Answer 7

Travellers
Patients with chronic liver disease
Haemophiliacs
Occupational exposure - lab workers
Men who have sex with men

Question 8

What HBV antigens suggest presence of hep B virus?

Answer 8

Hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAG)

Question 9

What HBV antigens suggest active replication of hep B virus? + which one is not detected in blood

Answer 9

Hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg)
Hepatitis core antigen (HBcAg) - not detected in blood
HBV DNA

Question 10

Which antibody shows protection against hep B virus?

Answer 10

Anti-HBs

Question 11

What antibody shows acute infection of hep B?

Answer 11

IgM anti-HBc

Question 12

What antibody shows chronic infection/exposure of hep B?

Answer 12

IgG anti-HBc

Question 13

What antibody shows inactive hep B virus?

Answer 13

Anti-HBe

Question 14

What are the treatment options for HBV?

Answer 14

Pegylated interferon

Oral antiviral drugs

Question 15

What is HDV?

Answer 15

Small RNA virus enveloped by HBsAg

Question 16

How does HDV occur?

Answer 16

As co-infection or super-infection with HBV. Transmission the same as HBV

Question 17

What 3 entities are covered under non-alcohol fatty liver disease?

Answer 17

Simple steatosis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Fibrosis and cirrhosis

Question 18

What are the risk factors of NAFLD?

Answer 18

Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Hypertrigylceridemia
Hypertension
Age
Ethnicity (e.g. hispanics)
Genetic (e.g. PNPLA3 gene)

Question 19

What tests are used to diagnose NAFLD?

Answer 19

AST/ALT ratio
Enhanced liver fibrosis panel
Cytokeratin-18
USS
Fibroscan
MR/CT
MR spectroscopy
Liver biopsy

Question 20

What is the treatment options for NAFLD?

Answer 20

Diet and weight reduction
Exercise
Insulin sensitisers
Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues
Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand
Vitamin E
Surgery (weight reduction)

Question 21

What are the 3 types of antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 21

Type 1: ANA, SMA
Type 2: LKM1
Type 3: SLA

Question 22

What is the treatment for autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 22

Responds well to steroids

Long term azathioprine

Question 23

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

Which immunoglobulin is elevated in primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer 24

IgM

Question 25

What are common symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer 25

Pruritus | Fatigue

Question 26

What is the treatment for primary biliary cholangitis?

Answer 26

UDCA

Question 27

What are the results of pANCA test in primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Answer 27

Positive pANCA

Question 28

Which ducts are involved in primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Answer 28

Intra + extrahepatic bile ducts

Question 29

What test is done for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Answer 29

MRCP

Question 30

What are the treatments for primary sclerosing cholangitis?

Answer 30

Liver therapy | Biliary stents

Question 31

What cases is transplant considered?

Answer 31

Chronic liver disease w/ poor prognosis or poor quality of life Hepatocellular carcinoma Acute liver failure Genetic disease

Question 32

When is liver transplant not considered?

Answer 32

Active extrahepatic malignancy Hepatic malignancy with macrovascular or diffuse tumour invasion Active + uncontrolled infection outside hepatobliary system Substance/alcohol abuse Cardiopulmonary/other comorbid conditions Psychosocial factors Brain death

Question 33

What is the post-op treatment for transplant?

Answer 33

ICU care Multidisciplinary care Prophylactic antibiotics and antifungal drugs Anti-rejection drugs (steroids, azathioprine, tacrolimus/cyclosporine)