Living under Nazi Rule- Dictatorship

Question 1

Who founded the nazi party and when?

Answer 1

Anton Drexler- 1919

Question 2

When did Hitler become chairman of the Nazi party?

Answer 2

1921

Question 3

When was the Munich putsch?

Answer 3

8 November 1923

Question 4

What were the consequences of the Munich putsch?

Answer 4

• Sixteen Nazis dead
• Hitler jailed and the party banned for two years
• At his trial, Hitler gained national fame for his political ideas and in prison wrote Mein Kampf

Question 5

When was the Nazi party relaunched?

Answer 5

1925, the Nazis decided to take power through democracy

Question 6

Were the Nazis strong by 1933?

Answer 6

Yes, by 1933, the Nazi party had won the majority of seats in the Reichstag and had a personal membership of over 850,000

Question 7

Who was Joseph Goebbels?

Answer 7

A highly educated and very antisemitic man who was in charge of propaganda

Question 8

Who was ernst Rohm

Answer 8

Rohm lead the SA, a personal army of brown shirted storm troopers, was 400,000 strong

Question 9

Who was Heinrich Himmler?

Answer 9

Created the SS, who wore black shirts and worked alongside the SA. He had strict entry requirements and its force numbered 50,000 in 1933

Question 10

Who was Herman Goring?

Answer 10

An ex-fighter pilot who was second in power to Hitler. He would go on to create the gestapo and command the Luftwaffe

Question 11

Give two reasons as to why Nazi ideas were very appealing in 1932-33?

Answer 11

The wall street crash had led to a global great depression and it affected Germany badly. Led to a rise in unemployment and poverty

The leading government before the Nazis, the Weimar government, appeared weak and unable to provide any solutions to this worsening situation

In this situation, the Nazi ideas to make Germany strong seemed very appealing and they made the most of this

Question 12

Name three of the most important Nazi ideas of the early 1930s

Answer 12

Lebensraum: Many German speaking people had been forced into other countries by the Treaty of Versailles. The Nazis wished to reunite these people and conquer new land in the east so that the Germans could have the space to thrive

Destroy Communism:
Russia had a communist revolution in 1917 and the Nazis wanted to avoid this at all costs. They saw communism as a Jewish plan to take over the world

“Brot und Arbeit” - Bread and Jobs: Unemployed people were promised food and work. During the Depression

Aryan superiority, Abolish the treaty of Versailles, strong central government.

Question 13

What was the german government known as?

Answer 13

The reichstag

Question 14

Was germany a democracy in 1933?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

When was the Reichstag fire?

Answer 15

27 February 1933

Question 16

How did Hitler use the Reichstag fire to remove the communists?

Answer 16

On 27th feb 1933, the reichstag fire was set on fire. A young dutch communist Marinus Van der Lubbe was caught inside.

Many people believed he was working as part of a wider communist plot.

Hitler persuaded president Hindenburg to pass the Reichstag fire decree. This severely restricted civil liberties

Question 17

What were the effects of the Reichstag fire and decree?

Answer 17

4000 communists were arrested, including Ernst Thalmann, the leader of the communist party. The communist press and meetings were banned

Question 18

When was the election?

Answer 18

5 March 1933

Question 19

What were the results of the 1933 election?

Answer 19

They won 288 of the 647 seats which was not an outright majority , but formed a coalition with the nationalists who gave them an extra 52 seats and the majority they needed

Question 20

What and when was the Enabling act?

Answer 20

24 march 1933, gave Hitler the power to create any law he wished without the reichstag

Question 21

How popular was the enabling act?

Answer 21

444 Reichstag members voted to approve the law, with only 94 social democrats voting against

Question 22

What was Gleichschaltung?

Answer 22

Co-ordination or bringing into line

Question 23

Give three key changes that happened in 1933 to increase Nazi power and strike fear in the German people?

Answer 23

Civil Service Act- 7 April 1933, any civil servant who was a political opponent or non-Aryan was fired from their job

Laws to restrict Jewish people, preventing them from working in legal or medical professions. On 1 April 1933, a countrywide boycott of Jewish shops was held

Book Burning- Encouraged by Goebbels, burning of un-german books in may 1933

Question 24

When was the Civil service act?

Answer 24

7 april 1933

Question 25

When was the countrywide boycott for Jewish shops?

Answer 25

1 april 1933

Question 26

How did the Nazi party remove trade unions?

Answer 26

- Fearing a strike organised by the trade unions leaders, the nazis arrested their main leaders - The remaining leaders worked with the nazis as they were promised a day of national labout (1 may) - The next day, the offices of these remaining leaders were raided and they were arrested. - A new workers association, the German Labour Front was created and led by the Nazis to replace trade unions

Question 27

How did the Nazi party remove the social democrats?

Answer 27

On 10 may, the nazis announced the social democrats had used funds corruptly and on 21 June, banned them altogether, arresting 3000 people On 14 July, an act was passed to ban new parties

Question 28

What were some constraints on Hitler's power in July 1933

Answer 28

The SA, the Nazi's own personal army were growing into power, lead by Ernst Rohm Conservative politicians like von Papen still remained in the government President Hindenburg sat above Hitler

Question 29

What was the new court created by the Nazis?

Answer 29

The people's court, a separate court outside the normal justice system to deal with political offences Only Nazi-approved judges were chosen and the number of death penalties they imposed increased year on year

Question 30

When was the act for the reconstruction of the state and how did this give more power to the nazis?

Answer 30

January 1934, gave more power to the central government. Germany was now a highly centralised state, it was split into 42 Gaue, each run by a Gauleiter

Question 31

What were the causations for the night of the long knives?

Answer 31

By 1934, the SA were becoming increasingly violent and difficult to control Rohm, their leader, began openly talking of taking over the German army, who were far better organised and equipped. When hitler rejected this idea, Rohm called him this "ridiculous corporal"

Question 32

When was the night of the long knives?

Answer 32

30 June 1934

Question 33

Summarise the night of the long knives

Answer 33

On 30 june 1934, the SA leadership met at a hotel outside Munich. Hitler and Goebbels, aided by the SS, arrested the most prominent leaders and sent them to prison. Many were killed Rohm was given the option to kill himself but refused, so was murdered by the SS In Berlin, Goring arranged the arrest of all of the conservative opponents including von papen and von sleicher In all 85 people were murdered, including twelve prominent Reichstag deputies

Question 34

What were 3 consequences of the night of the long knives?

Answer 34

- The Power of the SA was reduced: its membership dropped from 2.9 million in august 1934 to 1.6 million by October 1935 - Loyalty of the army: the SS knew Hitler had chosen them over the SA and as a result their loyalty to the Nazis grew - Legality of murder as a political tool: 85 people had been murdered on 30 june and no one was sentenced for the crime. Extrajudicial killing became acceptable

Question 35

What law did Hitler and the Nazis pass to take advantage of the Death of Hindenburg

Answer 35

The act concerning the head of state- allowing Hitler to become Fuhrer

Question 36

When did Hindenburg die?

Answer 36

2 august 1934, at 9 am