Ll1 - Semantics - Decoding Meanings

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of how the meanings of words and expressions are created and interpreted

Question 2

Denotation

Answer 2

The literal meanings of words

Question 3

Connotation

Answer 3

The associated meanings of words - “summer - beach, sun, sea”

Question 4

Antonym

Answer 4

Words which mean opposite things - “valuable/worthless”

Question 5

Synonym

Answer 5

Words which mean the same thing - “valuable/precious”

Question 6

Literal language

Answer 6

Language which uses the actual meanings of words

Question 7

Semantic field

Answer 7

A group of words which have similar connotations, or which are part of the same theme - “colour - red, blue, pink, hue, tone, shade”

Question 8

Figurative language

Answer 8

Language that is used in a non-literal way to create images and form comparisons

Question 9

Simile

Answer 9

A direct comparison through the use of ‘like’ or ‘as’

Question 10

Metaphor

Answer 10

A structure that presents one thing in terms of another (lots of our language is used metaphorically through the use of conceptual metaphors) - money = time (I can’t afford to spend time on that)

Question 11

Zoomorphism

Answer 11

Giving animal qualities, characteristics or behaviour to a human - “I’m preying on you tonight”

Question 12

Anthropomorphism

Answer 12

Giving human qualities, characteristics or behaviour to an animal or object (a type of personification). - “Pinocchio, Mickey Mouse”

Question 13

Collocation

Answer 13

Routinely placing words or phrases together (it sounds natural to a native speaker) - “a hard frost, Home and dry”

Question 14

Cliché

Answer 14

A saying or remark that has been used so much is not original or interesting - “useless as a chocolate lifeguard”

Question 15

Idiom

Answer 15

An expression where the meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements - “over the moon, I’m all ears”

Question 16

Euphemism

Answer 16

Using a more socially acceptable word or phrase - “passed away”

Question 17

Dysphemism

Answer 17

Using a blunt or direct word instead of a more polite or indirect alternative - “That’s bullshit!”

Question 18

Hyperbole

Answer 18

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally - “my bag weighs a tonne”

Question 19

Rhetorical language

Answer 19

Language that is used to persuade

Question 20

Logos

Answer 20

One of three Aristotelian modes of persuasion - it appeals to an audiences sense of logic or reason - Data, Facts, Statistics, Surveys.

Question 21

Pathos

Answer 21

One of three Aristotelian modes of persuasion - it appeals to the audience’s emotions - personal story, powerful image.

Question 22

Ethos

Answer 22

One of three Aristotelian modes of persuasion - it appeals to the audience based on the speakers authority - referencing their: experience, moral character, clear reasoning, good intentions.

Question 23

Verbal irony

Answer 23

Conveying a meaning which is the opposite of the literal meaning - “isn’t it a lovely day?” When it’s raining

Question 24

Anaphora

Answer 24

The deliberate repetition of the first part of the clause/sentence - “we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France”

Question 25

Epistrophe

Answer 25

The deliberate repetition of the last part of a clause/sentence - “when I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child”

Question 26

Symploce

Answer 26

The deliberate repetition of both the first and last pa t of a clause/sentence - “we will make America strong again, we will make America wealthy again, we will make America proud again”

Question 27

Epizeuxis

Answer 27

Repetition of a single word, with no other words in between - “location, location, location”