LM 8.1: HPV and PID

Question 1

what age group has the highest prevalence of HPV infections?

Answer 1

20-24

Question 2

how is the estimated medical cost of HPV?

Answer 2

direct annual medical costs associated with genital HPV infection, including treatment of genital warts, precancers and cancers, and screening for cervical cancer, are estimated to be $1.7 billion

Question 3

what is the structure of HPV?

Answer 3

small, non-enveloped dsDNA virus

icosahedral viral outer shell

Question 4

what viral structure is the HPV vaccine based on?

Answer 4

the L1 protein, which serves as the primary structural element, can spontaneously self-assemble into 72 pentamers, forming a virus-like particle

this self-assembling property is the key element used in design and production of the HPV vaccine

Question 5

where do HPV infections happen?

Answer 5

HPV infection occurs at the basal cell layer of stratified squamous epithelial cells

infection stimulates cellular proliferation in the epithelium and infected cells display a broad spectrum of changes, ranging from benign hyperplasia to dysplasia to invasive carcinoma

Question 6

how is HPV transmitted?

Answer 6

sex

transmission of HPV frequently occurs from persons who are asymptomatic or have subclinical infection

genital HPV infection with low-risk types can be transmitted from mother to newborn during delivery and it may cause respiratory tract warts known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

fomite transmission has never been documented

Question 7

what is the most important risk factor for high grade cervical cellular changes and cervical cancer?

Answer 7

persistent HPVinfection

Question 8

how is HPV cleared?

Answer 8

more than 90% of individuals with genital HPV infections are asymptomatic and clear the infection within 2 years