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LMSW Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages

A

Trust vs. Mistrust- Birth to 1.5, Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt-1.5 to 3 yrs, Initiative vs. Guilt-3-6, Industry vs. Inferiority 6-11, Identity vs Identity Diffusion-Adolescence, Intimacy vs Isolation-Early Adulthood, Generativity vs. Stagnation- Adulthood, Integrity vs. Despair-Later Adulthood

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2
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Development

A

Sensory-Motor Stage- Birth-2yrs, Pre-operational Stage-2-7yrs, Concrete Operational Stage 7-11, Formal Operational Stage 11-adolescence

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3
Q

Theorist behind psychoanalytic theory

A

Sigmund Freud

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4
Q

Early classical conditioning research

A

Pavlov

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5
Q

Theorist behind Social Learning Theory

A

Albert Bandura

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6
Q

According to Bandura self-regulation occurs through which three steps?

A

Self-observation, self-judgment, and self-response

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7
Q

Theorist behind Learned Helplessness

A

Martin Seligman

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8
Q

Theorist behind Object-Relations Theory

A

Margaret Mahler

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9
Q

What are Margaret Mahler’s 3 stages of development?

A

Autistic (newborn to one month), symbiosis (fusion with mother), and separation-individuation (differentiation, practicing motor skills, rapprochement, and constancy of self and object)

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10
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological, Safety, Belonging, Self-esteem, Self-actualization

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11
Q

Theorist behind the importance of birth order

A

Alfred Adler

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12
Q

Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages of development

A
  1. Oral (birth to 2). 2. Anal (2 to 3). 3. Phallic (3 to 6) 4. Latency (6 to puberty) 5. Genital (puberty and older)
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13
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage of moral development/ moral reasoning

A

 Pre-conventional level
• Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation
- Physical consequences determine what is good or bad
• Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation
- That which satisfies personal needs is good
 Conventional level
• Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance (good boy/nice girl)
- What pleases or helps others is good
• Stage 4: Law and order orientation
- Maintain the social order
- Devotion to duty is good
 Post-conventional level
• Stage 5: Social law contract
- Values agreed upon by society determine what is right
• Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation
- What is right is a matter of conscience in accord with universal principles
- Moral Level is assessed using the Heinz Story

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14
Q

Carol Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Development (she challenged Kohlberg)

A

Gilligan devised her own Three Stages of Female Moral Development:
 The Selfish
 Conventional Morality
 Post-Conventional

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15
Q

Jane Loevinger’s Stage of Ego Development

A

Pre-social/Symbiotic
• Lack of recognition of difference between self and nonself
• Mother becomes different from environment
 Impulsive
• Difference between self and Mother
• Implosive, exploitive and dependent
• Fixation with sexual and aggressive drives
 Opportunistic
• Child tries to manipulate and control others
• Follows rules and morality when it is conveniently advantageous to them
 Conformist
• Child develops trust
• Becomes very self-conscious of their appearance, how others see them and their
personal possessions
• Rules are somewhat internalized
There is a major transition between the Conformist stage to the Conscientious stage.
 Conscientious
• Child internalizes morality regulated by ethical imperatives
• Disobedience results in feelings of guilt
• Relationships with others are intense and accountable
• Internal feelings and success preoccupy their thoughts
 Autonomous
• Constant thoughts about finding their own self-identity and self-fulfillment
• Maintaining independence in relationships
• Learns to deal with and accept personal conflicts, differences with others and
controlling impulses
 Integrated
• Grandiose or unattainable ideas from childhood are replaced
• Appreciate individuality in personal relationships
• Reconciliation of conflicts
• Constant thoughts of attaining an integrated identity

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16
Q

Theorist behind Stages of Developmental Tasks

A

Robert Havighurst

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17
Q

Theorist behind Life Structure Theory

A

David Levinson

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18
Q

Person-centered Therapy

A

Carl Rogers

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19
Q

Gestalt Therapy

A

Fritz Perls- experiential therapy focusing on individuals experience in the here and now.

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20
Q

Transactional analysis

A

Eric Berne- evaluate past decisions in light of their present appropriateness

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21
Q

Rational-emotive Therapy

A

Albert Ellis- focuses on emotional and behavioral problems

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22
Q

Kubler-Ross’s 5 Stage of Grief

A

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

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23
Q

Mental Status Exam includes:

A
  1. General Presentation 2. State of Consciousness 3. Speech 4. Mood and Affect 5. Orientation and Intellectual Ability 6. Attention and Concentration 7. Memory 8. Thought Processes and Concent 9. Hallucinatiation 10. Insight 11. Impulse Control
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24
Q

Ecosystems Theory

A

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Micro-system, meso-system, exo-system, macro-system, chrono-system

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25
Five Axes
I-Clinical syndromes II- Developmental and Personalitiy Disorders III-Acute medical conditions and physical disorders IV-Psychosocial and Environmental Factors V- GAF score
26
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Ages 6-18, noncompliant, belligerant behavior with authority figures, does not break social norms, persist a minimum of 6 months
27
Conduct Disorder
Childhood onset before age 10, breaks social norms (lying, stealing, truancy, harming others)
28
Encopresis
excreting feces in inappropriate places, not diagnosed until after age 4
29
Enuresis
urinating in inappropriate places, cannot be due to physiological disorder,
30
IQ scores for retardation
Below 20- Profoundly 20-35- Severely 35-50 Moderately 50-70-Mildly
31
OARS for MI
Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, and Summaries
32
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
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Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner- using consequences to alter the form and frequency of behavior, focusing on modifying voluntary behavior. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction.
34
Theorist behind CBT
Aaron Beck
35
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy uses the ABC Framework, What is it?
``` A-Activating Event B-Belief C-Consequent Effect D- Disputing of the irratonal belief E- Effect ```
36
Carl Jung's personality aspects
Introversion/Extroversion Sensing/Intuition Thinking/Feeling Judgment/Perception
37
Freud's 3 psyches
ID: the primitive state and is involved with primitive desires SUPEREGO: the conscience- made up of internalized societal morals and taboos EGO: the mediation between the ID and SUPEREGO- the center of self or awareness NEUROSIS: When the superego imposes guilt on the ego to limit the impulses of the Id
38
Theorist behind Analytic Therapy
Carl Jung-
39
Theorist behind Experiental Family Therapy
Carl Whitaker- believe the family problems in emotional suppression.
40
Theorist behind Conjoint Family Therapy
Virginia Satir- the problem at hand was not the real issue, the manner in which the person dealt with the issue that actually created the problem.
41
Theorist behind Narrative Family Theory
Michael White- the way people construct meaning rather than behave
42
Theorist behind Structural Family Therapy
Salvador Minuchin- divides family problems into those relationships within a family unit and those "subsystems" of the family
43
Primary idea behind Alfred Adler's theory of psychology?
Encouragement. The importance of the feelings of self that arise from interactions and conflicts
44
Idea behind Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Groups seek to replace member's irrational, self-defeating beliefs with rational, self-enhancing ones.
45
Six Major Principles of IDEA (Individuals With Disabilities Education Act)
1. Zero Reject 2. Nondiscriminatory Evaluation 3. Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) 4. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) 5. Procedural Due Process 6. Parent and Student Participation
46
Threats to internal validity
Maturation, Regression, and Experimental mortality
47
Four scales of measurement
Nominal- simply name data Ordinal- ordered set- 1st, 2nd, 3rd Interval- measurable, positive, linear (Celsius scale) Ratio- measurement provides for an absolute zero
48
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean- the average Median- the midpoint Mode- the most frequent value
49
Validity and Reliability
Validity- refers to the instrument accurately measuring what it was designed to measure Reliability- the level of consistency an instrument has in relation to the items measuring the target. Consistency, dependable, and repeatable
50
Types of validity
Concurrent- the measure used in a study is compared with another instrument presumed to measure the same variable. Is indicated by a higher correlation between results Predictive- A measure used in a study is compared with a predicted future outcome. Content- Analysis by those considered expert in the field studied of an instrument. The test has content validity if the experts judge it to be a good measure of what is being studied. Construct- The degree to which a measure relates to other variables expected within a system of theoretical relationships.
51
Methods of assessing reliability
1. Test/Retest 2. Alternate form 3. Internal consistency or split half method 4. Inter-rater reliability
52
Standard deviation
Z score- 1.0 | T Score 10
53
Correlation Coefficient
Examines the degree to which variations or differences in one variable are related to variations in another.
54
Null Hypothesis
The statement being tested
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Type 1 Error | Type II Error
Type 1 Error- If the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternate is accept, but the Ho is true Type II Error- If the Ho is accepted (H1 rejected) when in fact H1 is true
56
Bipolar I- requires one or more manic episode Bipolar II- major depressive episodes with at least one hypomanic episode (less severe symptoms of mania) Cyclothymic- chronic, fluctuating mood with many hypomanic and depressive symptoms- not as severe as bipolar
nada....
57
Dissociative disorders
Dissociative identity disorder- Two or more personalities exist within one person. Each personality is dominant at a particular time Dissociative fugue- unexpected and sudden travel from home, assumption of a new identity and inability to recall previous identity Dissociative amnesia- Inability to recall important personal data, more than forgetfulness. Is not due to organic causes and comes on suddenly
58
Personality Disorders page 52
Cluster A- Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal Custer B- Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissitic Cluster C- Avoidant, Dependent, OCD
59
Catharsis
The release of tension or anxiety through reliving and intentionally examining early life, repressed, or traumatic experiences.
60
Hartmann's Ego Psychology
Alloplastic behavior- a form of adaptation in which an individual changes aspects of his environment in order to better accommodate competing needs or demands. Autoplastic behavior- changing oneself or behavior to better accommodate competing needs or demands
61
Diagnositc "A"'s of Schizophrenia
Affect, Associations, Ambivalence, Autism
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Record-keeping
Narrative Recording- consolidates and reports all information in an ongoing story form. Process Recording- chronologically and systematically records client information. Person- Oriented Recording- focuses on goals and is segmented into four section 1. factual information 2. assessment and treatment plan 3. Progress Notes 4. Progress Review Entries Problem-Oriented- focuses largely on ongoing issues. Contains 1. Factual information 2. Checklist section providing a rank-order roster of client issues 3. A resolution plan 4. SOAP notes
63
Social Security
Number of credits needed for social security: 40. For those born before 1960, the retirement age is 65. For those born after 1960, 67.
64
Object Relations Theory
Posits that all individuals are born with a need to develop a sense of self, a sense of others, and to build interpersonal relationships. It theorizes that the sense of self and others will affect all subsequent personal relationship. Ego organization.
65
Splitting
a defense mechanism that serves to repress, disconnect, or dissociate feelings that seem dangerous to psychic well-being
66
Pavlovian Classical Conditioning are learned in response to a stimulus, voluntary and involtunary
f

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