LO 4

Question 1

What restorative materials must be applied by adhesion?

Answer 1

1. Amalgum or composite resin
2. Orthodontic brackets
3. Porcelain or composite veneers

Question 2

How do you prepare the bonding surface (before etching)

Answer 2

Remove plaque, caries, and debris

Question 3

______ is the first step in the bonding process

Answer 3

Acid etch technique

Question 4

What solution is used to acid etch?

Answer 4

Phosphoric acid (10%-38%)

Question 5

Acid etch creates _______ _______ ideal for bonding

Answer 5

Microscopic pores

Question 6

Etching can also be called ________

Answer 6

Conditioning

Question 7

What are resin tags?

Answer 7

When the resin or primer is flowed over the etched surface, it penetrates into the microscopic pores. This hardens (polymerizes), it creates projections called resin tags

Question 8

What is micromechanical retention?

Answer 8

When resin tags lock into the tooth, it creates a mechanical bond know as micromechanical retention

Question 9

Bonding agents are usually ______ viscosity

Answer 9

Low

Question 10

Good wetting encourages ________

Answer 10

Better contact

Question 11

When etching enamel, it reduces the ends of ________

Answer 11

Enamel rods

Question 12

When etching enamel, resin tags are created in and around

Answer 12

The enamel rods

Question 13

Etched enamel appears ______

Answer 13

Frosty

Question 14

What should you take into consideration when etching dentin?

Answer 14

1. Higher water content
2. Collagen matrix with fewer minerals

Question 15

Dental tubules in dentin causes ______

Answer 15

Fluids to flow from the pulp

Question 16

Define hydroxyapatite

Answer 16

Cut tooth structure (from drilling cavity)

Question 17

What is the smear layer and why does it need to be removed?

Answer 17

1. A tenacious surface layer of debris resulting from cutting the tooth during cavity prep. It is composed of mostly fine particles of cut tooth structure and can contain saliva, blood, bacteria, and plaque
2. Sticks to dentin and plugs dentinal tubule openings, greatly reducing permeability. It also interferes with formation of bond to dentin

Question 18

What is used to remove the smear layer?

Answer 18

Phosphoric acid

Question 19

How long does etching take?

Answer 19

Approx 60 seconds

Question 20

What does timing for etching depend on?

Answer 20

1. Manufacturer directions
2. Area being etched
3. Strength of phosphoric acid

Question 21

Rinse time is ______ compared to etch time

Answer 21

Equal

Question 22

During the etching process, it is important that dentin is not _______

Answer 22

Dessicated (overdried)

Question 23

When bonding to enamel there is/are ______ component(s)

Answer 23

One (bonding agent)

Question 24

When bonding to dentin there is/are ________ component(s)

Answer 24

Two (primer and adhesive/bonding agent)

Question 25

What are the steps of preparing to bond?

Answer 25

1. Isolation 2. Application of acid etch 3. Timed rinse (enamel now appears frosted and dentin is kept moist) 4. Primer used first on the dentin 5. When primer is dried, the remaining solvent and water is removed

Question 26

What are the steps of bonding? (After tooth is prepared)

Answer 26

1. Adhesive/bonding agent is placed 2. It is allowed to harden or is light cured 3. Creates a hybrid layer 4. Michromechanical retention is created 5. Application of restorative material (bonds to hybrid layer)

Question 27

Define hybrid layer

Answer 27

A resin-dentin layer formed by intermixing of the dentin bonding agent with collagen fibrils exposed by etched dentin surface. Excellent resin-rich later for restorative material

Question 28

Types of tooth hypersensitivity

Answer 28

1. Transient sensitivity 2. Short duration (tooth over dried, dentin over etched, resin increments too thick void in layering of material)

Question 29

What type of acid is used for etching porcelain and other glass-based ceramics?

Answer 29

Hydrochloric