LO2 Respiratory System

Question 1

diaphragm

Answer 1

assists with breathing

Question 2

trachea

Answer 2

allows passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lung

Question 3

bronchioles

Answer 3

carries air into small sacs in your lungs called alveoli

Question 4

heart

Answer 4

sends blood throughout our bodies carrying oxygen to every cell

Question 5

bronchus

Answer 5

two large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs

Question 6

pleural

Answer 6

a thin layer of tissue that lowers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity
pleural membranes -to reduce friction when the lungs move and to help the lungs inflated

Question 7

larynx (voice box)

Answer 7

protects the lower respiratory tract from aspiring food into the trachea while breathing
produce sound

Question 8

intercostal muscles

Answer 8

the muscles between the ribs that normally tighten and pull the rib cage up

Question 9

epiglottis

Answer 9

allows air to pass into the larynx and lungs. it protects your ability to breathe by protecting your larynx

Question 10

alveoli

Answer 10

air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Question 11

what is inspiration and expiration?

Answer 11

inspiration is how we breathe in
expiration is how we breathe out

Question 12

diaphram inspiration and expiration

Answer 12

contracts and flattens during inspiration
relaxes and domes upwards during expiration

Question 13

external intercostals inspiration and expiration

Answer 13

contracts and lifts ribs during inspiration
relaxes and ribs fall during expiration

Question 14

internal intercostals inspiration and expiration

Answer 14

relaxes during both

Question 15

ribcage moves during inspiration and expiration

Answer 15

upwards and outwards during inspiration
downwards and inwards during expiration

Question 16

thoracic cavity volume inspiration and expiration

Answer 16

increases during inspiration
decreases during expiration

Question 17

air pressure in lungs inspiration and expiration

Answer 17

decreases during inspiration
increases during expiration

Question 18

movement of air inspiration and expiration

Answer 18

into lungs FROM atmosphere inspiration
from lungs TO atmosphere expiration

Question 19

5 factors of gaseous exchange

Answer 19

1. large surface area
2. cell walls one cells thick
3. moist lining
4. dense capillary network
5. good blood supply

Question 20

what happens when oxygen diffuses during gaseous exchange

Answer 20

alveoli to the blood

Question 21

what happens when carbon dixoide diffuses during gaseous exchange

Answer 21

blood to the capillary

Question 22

what is the difference between external respiration and internal respiration

Answer 22

external respiration is between atmosphere and lungs
internal respiration is between blood and tissues

Question 23

describe the process of respiration in the cells

Answer 23

stage 1: glycolysis
-anaerobic
-happens in cytoplasm
-pyruvic – lactic acid
-2 ATP produced

stage 2: knebs cycle
-anaerobic
-happens in mitochondria
-CO2 produced
-2 ATP produced

stage 3: electron transfer chain
-aerobic
-happens in mitochondria
-H2O produced
-34 ATP produced

Question 24

aerobic respiration equation

Answer 24

glucose + oxygen – carbon dioxide +water + energy (ATP)

Question 25

anaerobic respiration

Answer 25

glucose -- lactic acid + energy (ATP)

Question 26

similarities between aerobic and anaerbic respiration

Answer 26

glucose is used ATP is produced

Question 27

differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

anaerobic produces lactic scid anaerobic doesn't produce carbon dioxide or water

Question 28

what is asthma

Answer 28

a long term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs

Question 29

symptoms of asthma

Answer 29

coughing wheezing tightness of chest breathlessness

Question 30

how is asthma monitored

Answer 30

peak flow or spirometry regular checkups with GP / asthma nurse

Question 31

how is asthma treated

Answer 31

-reliever inhaler (blue) fast acting, releases muscles of bronchi -preventer inhaler (brown) use regularly, reduces inflammation -regular exercise -use of spacer with inhaler

Question 32

causes of inhaler

Answer 32

possibly genetic and envionmental factors

Question 33

more ways to help minimise symptoms of asthma

Answer 33

flu jab annually attend regular checkups steroid or other medication if inhalers fail avoid triggers eg dust, pollen, stress

Question 34

what is emphysema

Answer 34

a type of COPD where airways are narrowed and the alveoli are damaged

Question 35

care needs of emphysema

Answer 35

exercise regularly quit smoking healthy diet and weight drink water

Question 36

symptoms of emphysema

Answer 36

coughing wheezing breathlessness and phlem

Question 37

how is emphysema monitored

Answer 37

peak flow or spirometry chest x-ray CT scan regular checkups

Question 37

causes of emphysema

Answer 37

environmental pollution and lifestyle choices eg smoking

Question 38

treatment of emphysema

Answer 38

these treatments aim to stabilise the condition and prevent complications -inhalers (bronchodilators) widen the airways - breathe easier -corticosteroid drugs -oxygen therapy -chest drain - excess mucus is drained off -antiobiotics to treat bacterial infections

Question 38

what is cystic fibrosis

Answer 38

the movement of salt and water in and out of cells is effected resulting in a build up of thick sticky mucus in the bodys tubes

Question 39

what does COPD stand for

Answer 39

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dissorder

Question 39

symptoms of cystic fibrosis

Answer 39

excess mucus production and coughing, shortness of breath

Question 40

how is cystic fibrosis monitored

Answer 40

-regular appointment to check lung function (peak flow / spirometer tests) -antibacterial screening and monitoring

Question 41

treatments for cystic fibrosis

Answer 41

NO CURE but symptoms can help control the symptoms -antibiotics to prevent and treat chest infections -medicines to make the mucus in the lungs thicker and easier to cough up -inhalers widen the airways -steroid medicine to treat small growths inside the nose -physiotherapy / vibrating jackets -lung transplant in severe cases

Question 42

cause of cystic fibrosis

Answer 42

a genetic condition caused by a faulty gene

Question 43

care needs of cystic fibrosis

Answer 43

-regular exercise can help strengthen lungs -airway clearance techniques -healthy diet and weight

Question 44

the trachea is lined with rings of what material and why

Answer 44

a normal trachea has many rings made of cartilage (a strong and flexible tissue) these rings are c-shaped and support the trachea but also but also allows it to move and flex when your child breathes. Also, cartilage helps trachea open

Question 45

what is the resting shape of the diaphram compared to it contracted

Answer 45

contracts and goes downwards dome shape when rested and flattens when contracted

Question 46

what is the order of air entering the lungs to the oxygen

Answer 46

pharynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli

Question 47

what does the pleural membrane do and include the word friction

Answer 47

membrane + fluid -- reduce friction between ribs and lungs

Question 48

explain how pleural fluid in the pleural cavity keeps lungs inflated

Answer 48

sticks lungs to inside of ribs

Question 49

explain what the concept of diffusion is

Answer 49

gas particles moving from high to low concentration

Question 50

explain what a diffusion gradient is

Answer 50

the bigger the difference in gas concentration the faster gases move from high to low concentration

Question 51

role of the trachea and bronchus rings of cartilage

Answer 51

to keep the airways open when we lie down or alter our body position

Question 52

where does the signal for breathing originate in the brain

Answer 52

medulla

Question 53

what is the purpose of the diaphram flattening and moving down

Answer 53

helps to draw air into the lungs

Question 54

what does an erythrocyte contain to absorb oxygen

Answer 54

haemoglobin

Question 55

what substance is formed when oxygen is absorbed into the erythrocyte

Answer 55

oxygen + haemoglobin = oxyhaemoglonin

Question 56

explain the process of cellular respiration and the formation of ATP

Answer 56

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