LO4: Respiratory system

Question 1

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Filter, moisten and air before it’s enters the body
Done by mucous membrane and hair
Entry point for 70%

Question 2

larynx function

Answer 2

voice box
Speech is created from air moving over the vocal cords, moved by muscles creating speech and sounds

Question 3

Pharynx

Answer 3

Connects the mouth, nasal cavity and throat
Helps warm air and aids speech ability
In the back of the throat

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

Tube
Connects larynx and pharynx to lungs
Kept open by c-shaped cartilage
Because it allows movement in comparison to bones

Question 5

Epiglottis

Answer 5

Cartilaginous flap
Allows food into oesophagus and air into trachea
Not the other way would cause:
air in stomach and choking

Question 6

what is tidal volume?

Answer 6

volume of air inspired or expired per breath
aprox. 500ml

Question 7

what is frequency?

Answer 7

the number of breaths per minute
aprox. 12-15

Question 8

what is minute ventilation?

Answer 8

the volume of air inspired and expired in a minute
aprox. 6-7.5L

Question 9

inhalation air percentages?

Answer 9

oxygen- 21%
carbon dioxide- 0.04%
nitrogen- 78%

Question 10

exhalation air percentages?

Answer 10

oxygen- 16%
carbon dioxide- 4%
nitrogen- 78%

Question 11

what’s meant by external respiration?

Answer 11

between capillaries and alveoli
exchange of O2 and CO2 in lungs, external as they exchange in the atmosphere

Question 12

inspiratory reserve volume:

Answer 12

volume of air available after tidal volume that can be inspired

Question 13

expiratory reserve volume:

Answer 13

volume of air available after tidal volume that can be expired

Question 14

vital capacity (VC)

Answer 14

the total volume of air that can be inspired and expired

Question 15

residual volume (RV)

Answer 15

volume of air left in lungs after maximum forced expiration

Question 16

what is total lung capacity?

Answer 16

total volume of lungs at maximum inflation
TLC= RV+VC

Question 17

What’s external respiration?

Answer 17

Gaseous exchange between the alveoli (lungs) and the capillaries (body)

Question 18

What is Internal respiration?

Answer 18

Gaseous exchange between the capillaries (body) and tissues (cells/muscles/organs)

Question 19

Where does bronchi branch from?

Answer 19

Trachea into left and right lungs

Question 20

Bronchi appearance?

Answer 20

Similar to trachea

Question 21

Role of bronchioles?

Answer 21

Branch of bronchi and lead to alveoli
Get smaller the closer they get

Question 22

Alveoli explanation?

Answer 22

Small, grape like structure
Covered in a mesh of capillaries
There’s approx 7 hundred million

Question 23

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 23

A dome shaped muscle
During inhalation flattens and returns to dome during expiration

Question 24

what’s the plural for bronchi?

Answer 24

bronchus

Question 25

To inhale, what additional muscles during exercise contract?

Answer 25

Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes Pectoralis major

Question 26

To exhale what additional muscles contract during exercise?

Answer 26

Rectus abdominus Internal intercostals

Question 27

What type of intercostals contract or relax?

Answer 27

External

Question 28

What's the movement of the ribcage during inspiration?

Answer 28

Pulled up and out

Question 29

What's the movement of the ribcage during expiration?

Answer 29

Pulled in and down

Question 30

What's the air pressure within the lungs during inspiration?

Answer 30

It decreases

Question 31

What's the air pressure within the lungs during expiration?

Answer 31

It Increases

Question 32

What's the volume of the Thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Answer 32

It increases

Question 33

What's the volume of the Thoracic cavity during expiration?

Answer 33

It decreases

Question 34

What's meant by reserve?

Answer 34

Kept for a later purpose

Question 35

pathway of air?

Answer 35

nasal cavity ^ pharynx ^ trachea ^ bronchi- primary, secondary, tertiary ^ bronchioles ^ alveoli

Question 36

What's the value of average frequency?

Answer 36

12-15 breaths per minute

Question 37

What's the average value for tidal volume?

Answer 37

500ml

Question 38

What's tidal volume during exercise?

Answer 38

3-4 litres

Question 39

What's the average value of minute ventilation?

Answer 39

6-8 litres

Question 40

What's the average minute ventilation during exercise?

Answer 40

12-40 litres

Question 41

Frequency during exercise?

Answer 41

40-60 bpm ( breaths per minute )

Question 42

pathway to the lungs:

Answer 42

nasal cavity ^ pharynx ^ epiglottis ^ larynx ^ trachea ^ bronchi ^ bronchioles ^ alveoli

Question 43

how do you calculate total lung capacity?

Answer 43

residual volume + vital capacity

Question 44

How do you calculate minute ventilation?

Answer 44

Frequency x tidal volume

Question 45

what is meant by partial pressure?

Answer 45

the concentration of an individual has within a mixture of gases