LOC Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Aristotelian Triangle (Rhetorical Triangle)

Answer 1

illustrates how the speaker, subject and audience are all interrelated.

Question 2

Audience

Answer 2

he listener, reader, or viewer of the text

Question 3

Concession

Answer 3

an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. they are usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument.

Question 4

Connotation

Answer 4

meanings or associations readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. They are usually negative or positive and they greatly affect the authors tone.

Question 5

Context

Answer 5

the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.

Question 6

Counterargument

Answer 6

an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. A strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession or refutation

Question 7

ethos

Answer 7

Demonstrates that the author is credible and trustworthy when speaking about a certain topic. Established by who you are and what you say

Question 8

logos

Answer 8

speakers appeal to logos by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, and statistics to back them up

Question 9

occasion

Answer 9

time and place a speech is give or a piece is written

Question 10

Pathos

Answer 10

speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. speaker plays on his audience’s values, desires, and hopes. and on the other hand, their fears and prejudices

Question 11

Persona

Answer 11

face or character that a speaker shows to his audience

Question 12

Polemic

Answer 12

“hostile” an aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Polemics usually don’t concede that opposing opinions have any merit

Question 13

propaganda

Answer 13

spread of ideas and info to further a cause. in the negative sense, it uses rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause.

Question 14

purpose

Answer 14

goal speaker wants to achieve

Question 15

refutation

Answer 15

a denial of the validity of an opposing argument. usually follow a concession that acknowledges that opposing argument may be true or reasonable.

Question 16

rhetoric

Answer 16

the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. the art of finding ways to persuade an audience.

Question 17

rhetorical appeals

Answer 17

rhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling, ethos, logos, pathos

Question 18

SOAPS

Answer 18

Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker. They make up a rhetorical situation

Question 19

Speaker

Answer 19

person or group who creates the text.

Question 20

subject

Answer 20

Topic of the text, what the text is about

Question 21

text

Answer 21

the written word, any thing that can be “read.”