Locaisation of function Flashcards

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1
Q

Localisation of fiction

A

The idea that certain functions have certain locations within the brain.

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2
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

THE FAIRY PRINCESS OPETHLIEA

Temporal lobe
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobe
occipital love

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3
Q

Area of the brain

A

Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Visual context
Auditory cortext

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4
Q

Where is the motor area located?

A

In the frontal lobe.

  • Coordinates voluntary movements
  • Both hemispheres
  • Arranged in logical order
  • Contralateral
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5
Q

Visual centres

A

A nerve impulse from the retina is transmitters via optic nerve to the thalamus, which relays it to the visual context into the occipital lobes

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6
Q

Where is the Somatosensory area/ cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

  • Receive sensory info from the sensory
  • Arranged in logical order
  • Contralateral
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7
Q

Auditory centres

A

Nerve impulse from the cochlea travel the auditory nerve to the brain stem, for basic decoding then confines via the thalamus to the auditory forest where sound is interpreted.

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8
Q

Where is the visual cortext located?

A

Occipital lobe

  • Receives and process visual info
  • Contralateral
  • Different parts for colour shape etc
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9
Q

where is the auditory area located?

A

In the temporal lobe

  • Analysing and processing acoustic info
  • Contralateral
  • different parts - primary auditory area is involved in processing simple features of sound including volume tempo and pitch
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10
Q

What hemisphere the Motor area located in?

A

Both hemispheres

The motor area on one side of the brain controls the muscles of the opposite side

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11
Q

What hemisphere is the somatosensory area located in?

A

Both hemispheres

The somatosensory area on one side of the brain recurved sensory information from the opposite side of the body.

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12
Q

What hemisphere is the visual are located in?

A

Both hemispheres

Information from the rich-hand side visual field is process in the left-hemisphere, and information from the left-hand side visual field is process of the right-hemisphere

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13
Q

What hemisphere is the auditory area located in?

A

Both

Information from the left ear goes primarily to the right hemisphere and information frok the right goes to primary the left hemisphere

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14
Q

What are the language centre of the brain

A

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

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15
Q

Broca’s Area

A

In the posterior part of the left frontal lobe, near to the motor region which controls the mouth and vocal cords, is involved in speech production

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16
Q

Paul Broca’s (1865)

A

conducted an examination on his patient called ‘Tan’ and discovered that Tan was unable to speak however understood spoken language.

17
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Is in the posterior portion of the left temporal lobe near the auditory cortex. It is involved in speech production

18
Q

Wernicke’s summary

A
  • Cannot comprehend language
  • Able to speak
  • Left temporal lobe
19
Q

Broca’s area

A
  • Unable to speak fluently
  • Can comprehend language
  • left frontal lobe
20
Q

Support for localisation comes from studies of patients within aphasia due to lesions

A

E- Broca’s researched nine patients within similar speech deficits, and found they had lesions in a particular part of their frontal lobe.

E- In addition, Wernicke’s researched painted who could still speak had problems understanding language. He found they all had lesions in similar area in the left temporal lobe.

L- This shows that there are specific areas in the brain that are specialised for language production and comprehension

21
Q

One problem with this study is that lesions often affect several brain areas.

Dronkers et al.

A

E: Dronkers et al. examined the preserved brains of two Broca’s pairenrs using MRI, and found other areas were damaged, not just broca’s area.

E- In fact, lesions that only affect Broca’s area generally only result in temporary speech disruption

L: This suggest that language involved networks of brain regions not just specific areas

22
Q

Challenges to localisation: Equipptentially

A

P: Lashly beloved that if a brain area was damaged, other intact areas of cortext could take over their function.

E: The effect of brain damage would depend on its extent rather than its location

E: This supported by the discovery that people
can regain some cognitive abilities after brain damage.

L: This supports the idea that basic motor and sensory functions are localised but higher mental functions are not.