Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery > Local Anesthesia > Flashcards

Local Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of local anesthesia

A

Block nerve impulse depolarization
*reversible blockade
*topical, needle infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are different types of local anesthesia?

A

Esthers and amides
1. Synthetic, structurally related to cocaine
2. No abuse potential
3. Epinephrine may be added, will prolong anesthetic effect
4. When lidocaine is added duration of action is increased to 60-180mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When should epinephrine not be used?

A

DIGIT PEN
Digit: tip of fingers / toes
P: Tip of penis
E: Ear
N: Tip of nose
*will cause vasoconstriction which causes tissue necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different type of topical local anesthesia and the drug class name

A
  1. Benzocaine = ester
  2. Cocaine = ester
  3. Tetracaine = ester
  4. Lidocaine = amide
  5. Prilocaine + lido = amide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different type of injectable local anesthesia and the drug class name

A
  1. Lidocaine = amide
  2. Mepivacine = amide
  3. Procaine = ester
  4. Bupivacaine = amide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the indications for local anesthesia

A
  1. Topical anesthesia (Surface)
  2. Infiltration
  3. Plexus block
    *any produced confined to one area of the body which pain or discomfort form procedure is anticipated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the CI for local anesthetic

A
  1. Severely unstable BP
  2. True allergy
  3. Severe liver disease when amides considered
  4. Serve renal disease when esters considered
  5. Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the ABSOLUTE CI to epinephrine

A
  1. Untreated hyperthyroidism or phenochromocytoma
  2. Severe HTN and CAD
  3. Narrow angle glaucoma is perirbital injection
  4. Terminal blood supply
  5. Ergot (containing meds for migraine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the RELATIVE CI for epinephrine

A
  1. Untreated HTN
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Narrow angle glaucoma other than periorbital
  4. MAOI, TCAs, Beta Blockers, phenothiazines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some potential complications of local anesthesia

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Syncope (MC)
  3. Bruising
  4. Edema
  5. Infection
  6. Temporary motor nerve paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do injections into the blood vessel cause

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. CNS depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some potential complications of epinephrine

A
  1. Cardiac dysthymias
  2. Increase BP
  3. Anxiety
  4. Cardiac arrest
  5. Cerebral hemorrhage
  6. DIGIT PEN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What supplies do you need for local anesthesia (topical)

A
  1. Cotton tipped applicators
  2. Tape
  3. Cotton ball
    *wear gloves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What supplies do you need for local anesthesia (injection)

A
  1. Gauze pads
  2. Sterile technique
  3. 27 or 30g needle
  4. Syringe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is EMLA cream (topical local) used

A
  1. For normal intact skin
  2. Genital mucous membranes for superficial minor surgery
    *pre-treatment for infiltration anesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the guidelines for use of local anesthetic

A
  1. Use least amount to get maximum anesthesia of wound
  2. Injection slowly- has burning sensation
  3. Aspirate before injecting
  4. Ask about allergies
  5. Epinephrine vasoconstriction may have higher potential for wound infection
17
Q

What is the toxic dose of lidocaine

A

7mg/kg/over one hour
*blurred vision, tinnitus, tremors, heart block

18
Q

When are injections used (local anesthesia)

A
  1. Direct / local infiltration
  2. Field block
  3. Digital block
19
Q

What is direct / local infiltration

A

Area around the wound is anesthetized
1. Insert needle
2. Pull back on plunger
3. Infect as withdraw the needle
4. If longer, reinsert needle through previously anesthetized area
5. Allow adequate time, check for sensation

20
Q

What is a field block (local anesthesia)

A
  1. Alternative to wound infiltration for larger areas or in contaminated wound to avoid bacterial spread
21
Q

What is used during a digital block

A

Plain lidocaine 1% may add Bupivacine
*Bupivacine has a slower onset, but longer anesthetic
*used for procedures distal to the mid-proximal phalanx of digit

Surgery (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions