localisation

Question 1

what is localisation?

Answer 1

different parts of the brain have specific functions

Question 2

what connects the two hemispheres?

Answer 2

the corpus callosum

Question 3

what do the left and right visual field control?

Answer 3

left visual field controls right hemisphere and right visual field controls the left hemisphere

Question 4

what are the 4 lobes, what do they do, and where are they found?

Answer 4

1. frontal lobe (front) = reasoning, emotion and language
2. parietal lobe (top) = coordinate movement
3. occipital lobe (back) = interpret visual info
4. temporal lobe (bottom) = understand language, face recognition, perception

Question 5

what are the 4 types of cortex and where are they located?

Answer 5

1. motor cortex (back of frontal lobe) = controls voluntary movement for other side of the body
2. somatosensory cortex (front of parietal lobe) = process sensory info
3. visual cortex (in occipital lobe) = info from each eye sends info to opposite visual cortex
4. auditory cortex (temporal lobe) = process speech and sound info

Question 6

what are the two types of language centres?

Answer 6

broca’s area = speech production
wernickes area = understanding language

Question 7

where are broca’s and wernicke’s area found?

Answer 7

left hemisphere

Question 8

what does aphasia mean?

Answer 8

damage

Question 9

who is ‘Tan’?

Answer 9

• could only say the word ‘tan’
• damaged broca’s area

Question 10

a strength of localisation (link to mental disorders)

Answer 10

dougherty - 44 OCD patients underwent cingulotomy and after 32 weeks 30% had good response and 14% had partial response - shows mental disorders can be localised

Question 11

a strength of localisation (brain scans)

Answer 11

peterson - used brain scans to show wernickes area active when listening and brocas are active when reading - increase validity

Question 12

a limitation of localisation (lashley’s equipotential theory)

Answer 12

higher mental functions (memory and attention) are not localised
if brain is damaged then undamaged cortex areas can take over functioning

Question 13

a limitation of localisation (brocas + wernickes area)

Answer 13

2% of psychologists believe language is controlled by brocas and wernickes area
- MRI scans suggest language is holistically distributed around brain

Question 14

strength of localisation (maguire)

Answer 14

bus and taxi drivers - taxi have more grey matter in hippocampus (spatial navigation)