Localisation of Function AO1 & AO3

Question 1

What is the holistic theory of the brain?

Answer 1

all parts of the brain are involved in the processing of thought and action.
developed in the pre 19th Century

Question 2

what is the theory of localisation of function? Who argued for it?

Answer 2

different parts of the brain preform different tasks and are involved in different parts of the body.

Broca and Wernicke

Question 3

What is lateralisation?

Answer 3

some of our physical and psychological functions are controlled/ dominated by a particular hemishpere

Question 4

what is on the outer layer of both hemispheres?

Answer 4

the cerebral cortex, its 3mm thick

Question 5

what is on the outer layer of both hemispheres?

Answer 5

the cerebral cortex, its 3mm thick

Question 6

Define the Frontal Lobe

Answer 6

AKA the motor area, controls voluntary movement

Question 7

Define the Parietal Lobes

Answer 7

AKA Somatosensory area, where sensory info is represented - amount devoted, denotes its sensitivity

Question 8

Define the Occipital Lobe

Answer 8

AKA visual area, eye sends info from right visual field to left visual cortex, vice-versa

Question 9

Define the Temporal Lobe

Answer 9

AKA auditory area, analyses speech-base info

Question 10

What is Broca’s Area responsible for?

Answer 10

Language Production

Question 11

How did Broca find this area?

Answer 11

through a post-mortem exam on his patient ‘TAN’

Question 12

Where is Broca’s Area?

Answer 12

Left Frontal Lobe

Question 13

What is it called if someone damages their Broca’s Area

Answer 13

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 14

What is Wernicke’s Area responsible for?

Answer 14

Language Comprehension

Question 15

Where is Wernicke’s Area?

Answer 15

Left Temporal lobe

Question 16

What is it called when someone damages their Wernicke’s Area?

Answer 16

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Question 17

What is a strength of Localisation of Function in terms of evidence from neuroscience?

AO3 - strength

Answer 17

Can be used for treating mental illnesses - Dougherty et al reported that 44 people with OCD who underwent a cingulotomy, 30% of them had a successful response and 14% had a partial response after 30 weeks

Question 18

Who produced sound scientific evidence for Broca’s and Wernicke’s area? What did they do?

AO3 - strength

Answer 18

Peterson et al

used brain scan to see which area was active during listening (Wernicke) and which was active during reading (Broca)

Question 19

Whose research counter acts Petersons? Why?

AO3 - weakness

Answer 19

Lashley et al.
found that even after removing significant amounts of a rats brain they still were able to learn how to go through the maze - so more holistic

Question 20

What did Dick and Tremblay find?

AO3 - weakness

Answer 20

only 2% of researchers thing that language is controlled only by Broca’s and Wernicke’s area. fMRI’s have provided clearer results that show that language function is distributed holistically - found in the cortex and right hemisphere.

Question 21

Who survived having a pole put through their brain?

AO3 - strength

Answer 21

Phineas Gage