LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN AND HEMISPHERIC LATERALISATION

Question 1

what was believed pre 19th century?

Answer 1

took a holistic approach saying that all parts of the brain were involved in processing thoughts and actions

Question 2

what 2 psychologists are important in localisation of func?

Answer 2

Wernicke

Broca

Question 3

what did Broca and Wernicke say?

Answer 3

specific parts of the brain are involved in specific psychological/physiological function

Question 4

what can localisation of function also be referred to as?

Answer 4

cortical specialisation

Question 5

wernicke and broca said if a certain area of the brain is damaged then…

Answer 5

the brain wouldn’t perform function

Question 6

where is wernicke’s area?

Answer 6

left temporal lobe

Question 7

what is wernicke’s area associated with?

Answer 7

language processing and comprehending information

Question 8

can people with wernicke’s aphasia understand what someone is saying?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

can people with wernicke’s aphasia respond?

Answer 9

yes but it is meaningless

Question 10

where is broca’ s area?

Answer 10

left frontal lobe

Question 11

what case study do you refer to in broca’s area?

Answer 11

LeBorgne, also known as Tan

Question 12

explain the case study of Tan

Answer 12

understood spoken language, but couldn’t produce coherent words, could respond with left hand e.g. thumbs up/down

Question 13

what is broca’s area associated with?

Answer 13

speech production

Question 14

what does broca’s aphasia lead to?

Answer 14

slow, inarticulate and incomplete speech

Question 15

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 15

the motor area

Question 16

what does the frontal lobe control?

Answer 16

voluntary movement in opposite side

Question 17

what does damage to the frontal lobe do?

Answer 17

it means loss over fine movements e.g. facial movements, speech control etc.

Question 18

what is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 18

somatosensory area

Question 19

what is the parietal lobe and frontal lobe separated by?

Answer 19

central sulcus channel

Question 20

parietal lobe get ____ info from ____…

Answer 20

sensory information from skin e.g. pressure, touch and heat

Question 21

what does the amount of area in parietal lobe amount to?

Answer 21

it amounts to the amount of receptors e.g. face takes up half of parietal lobe

Question 22

what is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 22

visual area

Question 23

where is the occipital lobe located?

Answer 23

at the back of the brain visual cortex

Question 24

if there is damage to the left hemisphere’s occipital lobe, what can be affected?

Answer 24

damage to BOTH eyes right visual fields

Question 25

what is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 25

auditory info

Question 26

what does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 26

analyse speech based info

Question 27

what can damage to the temporal lobe lead to?

Answer 27

produce partial hearing loss

Question 28

what are 4 evaluation points for localisation of function?

Answer 28

+ evidence from neurosurgery + brains scans support localisations - language can be localised in other places - phineas gage is not applicable

Question 29

there is evidence from _______ to support localisation

Answer 29

neurosurgery

Question 30

who found research for evidence for neurosurgery?

Answer 30

dougherty et al

Question 31

what did dougherty et al study?

Answer 31

44 ppl w/ OCD after cingulotomy, which had links to implications for OCD

Question 32

what did dougherty et al find?

Answer 32

at 32 weeks - 30% had a successful response and 44% had a partial responsed

Question 33

evidence from neurosurgery increases...

Answer 33

the credibility of the localisation of function, as it shows that different areas of the brain have different functions increases practical application as it has increased theoretical value for treatment

Question 34

there is evidence from _____ ______ to support localisation

Answer 34

brains scans

Question 35

what do brain scans confirm?

Answer 35

localised area for everyday behaviour

Question 36

who studied brain scans?

Answer 36

Petersen et al

Question 37

what did Petersen et al find?

Answer 37

brain scans for wernicke's area showed it was active during listening and for broca's area showed it was active for reading

Question 38

brains scans increase the...

Answer 38

validity of the explanation because it is objective brain scan supporting localisation

Question 39

who criticises brain scan evidence?

Answer 39

Lashley

Question 40

how does Lashley criticise brain scan evid?

Answer 40

found that function was holistic in rats, removed 10-50% of frontal cortex, which didn't affect learning

Question 41

a weakness of localisation is that ______ can be localised in other places

Answer 41

language

Question 42

it was found that by Dick and Tremblay that language is...

Answer 42

distributed more holistically

Question 43

who found that language can be distributed more holistically?`

Answer 43

Dick and Tremblay

Question 44

what did Dick and Tremblay find?

Answer 44

2% researcher agree with lang being in Wernicke's and Broca's area

Question 45

what did Dick and Tremblay find in fMRI scans?

Answer 45

language streams identified across the cortex, in right hemph and substructures such as the thalamus

Question 46

what does Dick and Tremblay's research reduce?

Answer 46

reduces the validity of the exp as main studies may need to be repeated to see whether language is distributed more holistically throughout the brain

Question 47

a weakness of localisation of func is that case studies....

Answer 47

such as Phineas Gage are too unique

Question 48

Phineas Gage's case being too unique reduces the...

Answer 48

generalisability of the theory

Question 49

why does Phineas Gage's study not allow generaliability?

Answer 49

because the conclusion of his accident depends on the researcher, some people can say he changed because of his brain, whereas other can say it is due to trauma of the accident

Question 50

Case studies lower the...

Answer 50

population validity because most people will never go through something like that in their lifetime, and conclusions from the case are very subjective

Question 51

define localisation

Answer 51

different areas of the brain responsible for specific behaviours, processes or activities

Question 52

define lateralisation

Answer 52

different hemispheres responsible for different functions independently

Question 53

examples of lateralisation can be...

Answer 53

language in left hemph left visual field in right hemph vice versa left hand movement in right hemph vice versa

Question 54

what can the corpus callosum be known as?

Answer 54

headquarters of the hempishere

Question 55

what is the corpus callosum?

Answer 55

made up of nerve fibres, known as commissural fibres attached to both hemispheres

Question 56

what happens in the corpus callosum?

Answer 56

electrical impulses travel to hemisphere

Question 57

what is split brain procedure?

Answer 57

surgeons contain seizure ( overload of imp) to one hemisphere to reduce damage, cut corpus callosum, only last resort if medication doesn't work