Loftus and Palmer

Question 1

Define Schema

Answer 1

a schema describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.

Question 2

Aim

Answer 2

To invetigate the effect of leading questions on an individuals ability to accuratly remember events

Question 3

Design

Answer 3

Laboratory experiment using an independent measures deisgn

Question 4

Advantages of laboratory experiment

Answer 4

HIghly controlled, no extraneous varibales

Question 5

Disadvantages of laboratory experiment

Answer 5

Enviornment is artificial, so they might chnage their answer to teh one teh researcher may like

Question 6

Advanatges of independent measures

Answer 6

No issue with order effects

Question 7

Disadvanatges of independent measures

Answer 7

Twice as many particpants are needed

Question 8

Partcipants

Answer 8

45 American student divided into 5 groups, each having 9 participants in each group

Question 9

IV

Answer 9

The verb in teh critical question

Hwo fast was were teh cars going when tehy hit

Question 10

DV

Answer 10

The estimate of speed given by the participants

Question 11

Procedure

Answer 11

All participants were shown 7 the film clips and then given a questionnaire. To prevent order effects influencing the results, the groups were presented with a deiffernt ordering of teh films. EAch group of participants received one critical question in teh experiment. The exeperiemtn was one hour and a half.

Question 12

Examples of results

Answer 12

The estimated speed was affected by the verb used. The verb implied information about the speed, which systematically affected the participants’ memory of the accident.

Participants who were asked the “smashed” question thought the cars were going faster than those who were asked the “hit” question.

Question 13

Findings statistics

Answer 13

hit = 34mph
Smashed = 40.8mph

Question 14

Conclusion

Answer 14

Due to reponse bias factors, where a partipcnt is ucertain of teh correct answer and the wording of teh question influences the answer they given

Question 15

Conclusion 2

Answer 15

The form of teh question cuases a change in teh participants memory representation of the accident

Question 16

Experiement 2: DEsign

Answer 16

Lab experiment unsign independetn participants

Question 17

Experiment 2: Participants

Answer 17

150 American students were divided into 3 groups with 50 partipants in each group

Question 18

Exeprimetn 2: IV

Answer 18

The wording of teh question

Question 19

EXpeirment 2: DV

Answer 19

The asnwer to this question

Question 20

Experiment 2:Procedure

Answer 20

All participants were shown a film clip and then given 3 versions of the first questionnaire
One week later all partipants returened adn answered teh questionanire

Question 21

EXperiemtn 2:Control

Answer 21

All participants simialr age
Asked similar questions
Watched teh same film clip
Tested in same location

Question 22

EXperimetn 2: results

Answer 22

Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they smashed were more likely to report seeing broken glass.

Question 23

What are teh two kinds of informatioon that create a persons memory of an event?

Answer 23

Information obtained from seeing teh evnt

Information supplied after teh event

Question 24

Define reconstrcutive hypothesis

Answer 24

Information from seeing and after an event merge into one memory