Logic

Question 1

&

Answer 1

Conjunction

Question 2

V

Answer 2

Disjunction

Question 3

->

Answer 3

Conditional

Question 4

~

Answer 4

Negation

Question 5

If and only if (three bars)

Answer 5

Biconditional

Question 6

1. A
2. B
   ———
   A&B 1,2 &I

Answer 6

Conjunction Introduction

Question 7

DM
~(A&B) -> ~Av~B

Answer 7

DeMorgan’s Law

Question 8

1. C
   ———
   CvD 1, vI

Answer 8

Disjunctive Introduction

Question 9

1. A&B
   ———
   A 1, &E

Answer 9

Conjunction Elimination

Question 10

1. RvS
2. ~S
   ———
   R 1,2 vE

Answer 10

Disjunctive Elimination

Question 11

Av(G&H)
(AvG) & (AvH)

Answer 11

Distribution

Question 12

1. R->U
2. R
   ———
   U 1,2 -> E/MP

Answer 12

Conditional Elimination/Modus Ponens

Question 13

1.R->U
2. ~U
———
~R 1,2 MT

Answer 13

Modus Tollens

Question 14

(CvD)
(~C->D)

Answer 14

Material Implication

Question 15

->I

Answer 15

Conditional Introduction

Question 16

A&B
|
V
B&A

Answer 16

Commutative Property

Question 17

A&(B&C)-> A&B&C

Answer 17

Associative Property

Question 18

To prove a point by making resource to force if the other person does not accept their conclusion

Answer 18

Argumentum ad baculum (appeal to force)

Question 19

Appeals are made to popular attitudes instead of logic

Answer 19

Argumentum ad populum (appeal to the people)

Question 20

An attack on an opponent’s character instead of the argument

Answer 20

Ad hominem

Question 21

Point out the speaker’s hypocrisy

Answer 21

Tu quoque

Question 22

Rather than proving a casual relation between two things, you believe the order of events is enough to prove causation

Answer 22

Post hoc (after this, therefore because of this)

Question 23

Appealing to a person of authority rather than providing a logical argument

Answer 23

Ad verecudiam (appeal to authority)

Question 24

Appealing to the fact that no evidence exists for or against something

Answer 24

Argumentum ad ignorantium (appeal to ignorance)

Question 25

Misconstruing the speaker’s argument

Answer 25

Straw man (missing the point)

Question 26

The conclusion is asserted in the premises

Answer 26

Begging the question

Question 27

Ask a question which has a built in assumption

Answer 27

Complex question

Question 28

The claimant always has the duty to provide proof for what he is saying

Answer 28

Burden of proof

Question 29

Assume that a property of individual parts can also be assigned to the whole

Answer 29

Composition

Question 30

Wrongly transfer a property of the whole to each of its individual components

Answer 30

Division

Question 31

When you justify your argument by appealing to sentiments and evoking pity

Answer 31

Appeal to pity

Question 32

When an argument employs a word in an ambiguous manner, providing it with one meaning in a certain portion of the argument while using a different meaning in another

Answer 32

Equivocation

Question 33

When a sentence has an ambiguous structure leading to multiple interpretations

Answer 33

Amphiboly

Question 34

Typically argues that a seemingly acceptable initial proposition can lead through a sequence of small logical steps to an objectionable or absurd conclusion

Answer 34

Slippery slope