Logical Reasoning Flashcards
What is the Kaplan Logical Reasoning Method?
Identify the question type, untangle the stimulus, predict the correct answer and evaluate the answer choices.
What are the common wrong answer types in logical reasoning?
Outside the scope, irrelevant comparison, extreme, distortion, 180 and faulty use of detail.
What are some conclusion keywords in logical reasoning stimuli?
Thus, therefore, as a result, it follows that, consequently, so, (evidence) is evidence that (conclusion).
What are some evidence keyword in logical reasoning stimuli?
Because, since, (evidence) is evidence that (conclusion), after all, for
What are the different conclusion types in logical reasoning stimuli?
VIPCAR: Value judgement, if/then, prediction, comparison, assertion, recommendation
How can you determine if a question is a “role of a statement” question?
It contains the word “role” or the phrase “it figures that”
How can you determine if a question is a “point at issue” question?
It contains the word “disagree” or suggests that the answer will show where the two arguers differ.
How can you determine if a question is a “method of argument” question?
It asks how someone argues their point, or how someone responds to an argument.
How can you answer a “point at issue” question?
Make a Point at Issue tree to determine who has an opinion about what. If both speakers have an opinion and disagree, then that is the correct answer.
What are the different methods of argument?
Analogy, counterexample, example, appeal to authority, ad hominem attack, elimination of alternatives, means/requirements.
How can you determine if a question is a “parallel reasoning” question?
It contains the word “parallel” or phrase “most similar to”.
What are the different argument question types?
Main point, point at issue, role of a statement, method of argument, parallel reasoning.
What are the different types of overlooked possibilities?
1) Fails to consider other explanations, reasons or outcomes based on the evidence, 2) confuses sufficient and necessary terms, 3) does not consider potential advantages or disadvantages when making recommendation, 4) assumes something will occur just because it could occur, 5) author arrives at a claim of causation based on evidence that it is only correlated, 6) prediction is based on an assumption that circumstances will or will not change.
What are the different types of mismatched concepts?
The terms/concepts are assumed to be: 1) alike or equivalent, 2) mutually exclusive, 3) needed for the other, 4) represents the other.
What are the different types of flawed arguments?
Overlooked possibilities, mismatched concepts, confusing correlation with causation, confusing necessity with sufficiency, deeming two concepts alike/equivalent, mutually exclusive or representative of a whole population, equivocation, parts to whole, circular reasoning, evidence contradicts conclusion
