Loi de Poisson Flashcards

(17 cards)

1
Q

Qu’est-ce qu’une loi de Poisson ?

A

Distribution de comptage d’événements rares.

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2
Q

Quel est le paramètre λ en Poisson ?

A

Espérance et variance : λ.

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3
Q

Quand approximer une loi Binomiale par une loi de Poisson ?

A

quand n grand et p petit, avec λ=np.

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4
Q

Formule de la probabilité que X=k d’après la loi de Poisson?

A

P(X=k) = e^(-λ) * λ^k / k!

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5
Q

Comment calculer l’écart-type d’une distribution de Poisson ?

A

√λ.

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6
Q

Si λ = 2, P(X = 0) = ?

A

e^{-2}≈0,135.

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7
Q

Si λ = 3, P(X = 1) = ?

A

3e^{-3}≈0,149.

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8
Q

Si λ = 1, P(X ≥ 1) = ?

A

1 - e^{-1}.

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9
Q

λ = 4, calculer P(X = 2).

A

e^{-4}×4^2/2! ≈ 0,146.

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10
Q

Comment approximer P(Bin(1000,0,002)=2) ?

A

loi de Poisson avec λ = 2.

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11
Q

Comment estime-t-on p avec 5 clones sur 100 000 ?

A

p = 5/100000 = 0,00005.

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12
Q

Pourquoi modéliser le 2ᵉ lot par une loi de Poisson ?

A

car n très grand et p très petit.

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13
Q

Comment calculer λ pour le 2ᵉ lot ?

A

λ = 100000 × 0,00005 = 5.

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14
Q

Quelle est la loi de X pour le 2ᵉ lot ?

A

X ∼ Bin(100000, 0.00005) ≈ Poisson(5).

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15
Q

Comment interpréter e^{-5} ?

A

Probabilité de 0 événement quand λ=5.

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16
Q

Pourquoi a-ton le droit d’approximer la loi binomiale par une loi de Poisson ?

A

car Bin(n,p) ≈ Poisson(np) si n grand, p petit.

17
Q

o!=

A

1

c’est une convention