London

Question 1

Importance?

Answer 1

• 22% of UK GDP with 12% of population
• Global hub (second best global air connections)
  -7.7% population increase since 2011

Question 2

Migration?

Answer 2

• High demand for housing, found on brownfield sites (expensive due to clean up costs, does not use space) or greenfield (cheaper, reduces biodiversity and green spaces, air pollution, urban sprawl)
• Internal migrants age 20-30 = migrate for work (often highly qualified and work in tertiary sectors)
• International migrants low skilled to do jobs UK people don’t want/ there are shortages (e.g. nurse in NHS) or high skilled will jobs in knowledge economy

Question 3

Social challenges/opportunities?

Answer 3

• 41% of population born outside of UK = multiculturalism (culture, tradition, food) = social cohesion
• Cultural / historical landmarks (West End, museums)
• Pressure on services e.g. education have to provide services in different languages
• Population increase 100,000 annually but 20,000 new residences each year = house prices up
• Healthcare ,education inequalities due to inequal wealth spread (e.g. Lambeth)

Question 4

Environmental challenges/opportunities?

Answer 4

• Green spaces 47% of city (Carbon sink, purify air, Reduce flood risk, Physical activity)
• 25% of waste goes into landfills = London aims to increase recycling rate to 65% by 2030 and rest will be incinerated/burned for electricity)
• People replace gardens with patios/parking spaces = impermeable surfaces = less infiltration = flash flood
• Deindustrialisation = derelict buildings

Question 5

Economic challenges/opportunities?

Answer 5

• TFL = traffic down, work further
• Services sector increase = multiplier effect
• Manufacturing down = unemployment in areas with unskilled people = deprivation