Long Bone

Question 1

What are the key bone functions ?

Answer 1

Structural, movement, storage of calcium and other nutrients, protection of organs

Question 2

What is Haematopoiesis?

Answer 2

The process of forming red blood cells

Question 3

What are the different bone shapes?

Answer 3

Long Short Flat and Irregular

Question 4

What are Sharpey’s fibres?

Answer 4

Like velcro how muscles attach to the bone, loops on the bone hooks on the muscle

Question 5

Name the 3 parts of a long bone

Answer 5

Epiphysis- the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
Diaphysis- main portion of the bone, long and cylinder shaped
Metaphases- in-between the epiphysis and diaphysis both ends they contraction the epiphyseal

Question 6

What is the Epiphyseal commonly known as?

Answer 6

Growth Plate- made of hyaline cartilage until it matures into bone

Question 7

What does the growth plate turn into at about 18-21 years of age?

Answer 7

The Epiphyseal- indicator boundary between epiphysis and diaphysis.

Question 8

What is Articular Cartilage and where is it found?

Answer 8

thin glass like translucent cartilage- covers epiphysis where it forms a joint with another bone

Question 9

What is the function of Articular Cartilage?

Answer 9

Reduces friction and helps absorb shocks Does not contain blood vessels so if damaged repair is limited

Question 10

What is Periosteum and where is it found?

Answer 10

Tough connective tissue found all round the bone except where there is articular cartilage made up of 2 layers

Question 11

What is found in the inner layer of the Periosteum and what do they do?

Answer 11

Osteogenic cells - can develop the bones width NOT LENGHT

Question 12

What’s the function of the Periosteum?

Answer 12

Protect and nourish the bone tissue- attachment sites fir ligaments and tendons, also assist with bone repair

Question 13

Where is the Medullary Cavity and what does it do?

Answer 13

In the Diaphysis, contains blood vessels and bone, helps reduce density and weight

Question 14

Where is the Endosteum?

Answer 14

lines inner surfaces of cavities in the bone and is a single layer of bone -producing cells

Question 15

What are the 4 types of Bone cells ?

Answer 15

Osteogenic, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

Question 16

What are Osteogenic cells?

Answer 16

Found in Periosteum and canals containing blood vessels - come from adult stem cells. Play major part in bone growth and repair

Question 17

What are Osteoblasts?

Answer 17

Bone Building cells made in the bone matrix they initiate calcification in the matrix - found on the surface of bone

Question 18

What are Osteocytes?

Answer 18

Main type of cell in the bone, start as osteoblasts, found in mature bone, trapped in the matrix

Question 19

What do Osteocytes do?

Answer 19

maintain the metabolic function of bone by the exchange of nutrients and waste products in the blood.

Question 20

What are Osteoclasts?

Answer 20

They remove old bone, found in endosteum type of white blood cell (monocytes)

Question 21

What do Osteoclasts do?

Answer 21

secrete powerful lysosomal enzymes and acids that dissolve protein and minerals - process called resorption

Question 22

What 2 bone cells work in unison to make and get rid of bone ?

Answer 22

Osteoblasts- make new
Osteoclasts- get rid of old bone

Question 23

What are the different categories of bone ?

Answer 23

Spongy, Woven, Compact

Question 24

Where is Spongy bone found and what is its function?

Answer 24

Found inside bones more in places like ribs shoulder blades ones that have lower levels of stress. Its lighter so easily moved/