Long exam 1 (Part 2)

Question 1

When lipid is lost in the urine, many granular casts, fatty casts and oval fat bodies are found in the urine sediment. Oval fat bodies are actually

Answer 1

fat-laden renal tubular epithelial cells

Question 2

Tubular pattern proteinuria is seen in all of the following conditions except
A. Fanconi’s syndrome C. Wilson’s disease
B. Pyelonephritis D. Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 2

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 3

The tubular pattern proteinuria cannot be easily detected using reagent strip methods due to the type of protein involved – the low molecular weight proteins such as alpha-1- microglobulin, light-chain immunoglobulins and lysozymes. On the other hand, glomerular pattern proteinuria is detected because the protein involved is mainly

Answer 3

albumin

Question 4

Type of proteinuria characterized by the excretion of 4 g. of protein /day is described as

Answer 4

heavy

Question 5

Also referred to as orthostatic proteinuria is

Answer 5

postural proteinuria

Question 6

Which substance may affect urinary pH testing?

Answer 6

protein

Question 7

Which statement regarding protein testing is not true?
A. Reagent strips are not sensitive in measuring globulins but sensitive to albumin.
B. Both albumin and globulins can be precipitated using SSA and TCA.
C. Reagent strips can be used in assessing the degree of proteinuria.
D. Both reagent strips and SSA and TCA methods are for urine protein screening.

Answer 7

Reagent strips can be used in assessing the degree of proteinuria.

Question 8

What substance in the urine is tested using the Kjeldahl method and Biuret reaction?

Answer 8

protein

Question 9

Bence Jones protein is best detected in urine via

Answer 9

Protein electrophoresis

Question 10

Which blood glucose level exceeds the renal threshold for glucose leading to glucosuria?

Answer 10

220 mg/dL

Question 11

Urine glucose testing serves to check endocrine function to diagnose the disease

Answer 11

Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

The common thing about using reagent strips for glucose testing such as Clinistix, Multistix and Chemstrip is the

Answer 12

double sequential enzyme reaction

Question 13

The copper reduction tablet test for glucose is the

Answer 13

Clinitest

Question 14

What enzyme will oxidize glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 14

glucose oxidase

Question 15

The range of drops required of the urine sample in the glucose testing using Clinitest is

Answer 15

2 to 5

Question 16

O-toluidine is the chromogen used in which reagent strip for glucose?

Answer 16

Clinistix

Question 17

All of the following are reducing sugars except
A. glucose
B. fructose
C. galactose
D. sucrose

Answer 17

sucrose

Question 18

If a pass through phenomenon happens in the glucose test using Clinitest, one should do

Answer 18

retesting using lesser amount of urine sample

Question 19

In galactokinase deficiency, galactose cannot be converted to glucose. From what sugar was the galactose that appears in the urine derived?

Answer 19

lactose

Question 20

Which of the following tests is the most specific for urinary glucose testing?
A. Clinitest
B. Clinistix
C. Benedict’s test
D. Copper reduction test

Answer 20

Clinistix

Question 21

What compound of copper is colored red?

Answer 21

Cu2O

Question 22

What method is best to measure the individual reducing sugars in urine?

Answer 22

Thin layer chromatography

Question 23

What organic substances are products of incomplete lipid metabolism?

Answer 23

ketone bodies

Question 24

The most abundant among these organic substances in the urine is

Answer 24

urea

Question 25

The most abundant among these inorganic urine constituents is

Answer 25

chloride

Question 26

Ketonuria may be seen in all of the following conditions except A. fasting B. type I diabetes mellitus C. excessive exercise D. carbohydrate-rich diet

Answer 26

carbohydrate-rich diet

Question 27

Sodium nitroferricyanide reaction (Acetest) is specific for urinary

Answer 27

diacetate

Question 28

Rothera’s wet method can detect all of the following except A. acetoacetic acid B. beta-hydroxybutyrate C. acetone D. ketone bodies

Answer 28

B. beta-hydroxybutyrate

Question 29

The main ingredient of the Gerhardt’s test for the detection of urine diacetic acid is

Answer 29

ferric chloride

Question 30

Which of the following substances is an oxidizing agent? A. ascorbic acid B. glutathione C. hydrogen peroxide D. uric acid

Answer 30

C. hydrogen peroxide

Question 31

If delay in testing for ketone bodies cannot be prevented, the urine sample should be

Answer 31

refrigerated at 2-10 degrees Celsius

Question 32

The Multistix reagent pad for blood uses of the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine which, in the presence of blood, causes a color change from

Answer 32

yellow to green

Question 33

What red-brown pigment in the urine is produced after rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 33

myoglobin

Question 34

Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin? A. bilirubin C. hemosiderin B. amino acids. D. haptoglobin

Question 35

Which of the following is not a breakdown product of hemoglobin? A. bilirubin C. hemosiderin B. amino acids. D. haptoglobin

Answer 35

D. haptoglobin

Question 36

The Diazo (p-nitrobenzenediazonium p-toluene sulfonate) tablet test is for the detection of urine

Answer 36

bilirubin

Question 37

Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction is the formation of reddish-brown color due to

Answer 37

urobilinogen

Question 38

Bilirubin can be detected using all of the following methods except A. Ictotest B. Yellow foam test C. Diazo reagent strip D. Blondheim method

Answer 38

D. Blondheim method

Question 39

Schwartz-Watson test differentiates between the presence of urobilinogen and

Answer 39

porphobilinogen

Question 40

Inverse Ehrlich’s reaction is also known a

Answer 40

Hoesch’s test

Question 41

A positive nitrite test indicates _______ while a positive leukocyte esterase test indicates _________ . A. bacteriuria C. pyuria B. cylindruria. D. crystalluria

Answer 41

Bacteriuria and pyuria

Question 42

C-Stix reagent strips are impregnated with buffered phosphomolybdates to detect

Answer 42

ascorbic acid

Question 43

The 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) is a byproduct of metabolism of

Answer 43

serotonin

Question 44

If serotonin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan, melanin is derived from which amino acid?

Answer 44

tyrosine

Question 45

Defects in the synthesis of heme moiety of hemoglobin would cause

Answer 45

porphyrias

Question 46

What apparatus is required to detect the lavender to violet fluorescence of porphyrins after acidification of urine sample and addition of glacial acetic acid:ethyl acetate mixture?

Answer 46

Wood’s lamp

Question 47

Which of the following has a peroxidase-like activity? A. hexokinase C. heme B. myoglobin. D. hydrogen peroxide

Answer 47

Heme

Question 48

The most abundant among the ketone bodies which accounts 78% of the total in urine is

Answer 48

beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 49

Which pathologic condition would cause a positive Acetest? A. diabetes mellitus C. diabetes insipidus B. nephrotic syndrome D. high fat diet

Answer 49

high fat diet

Question 50

Which chemical parameter is not found in Multistix 10 SG? A. Urobilinogen. C. Nitrite B. Ascorbic acid D. Leukocyte esterase

Answer 50

Ascorbic acid