LONG QUIZ

Question 1

Thyroid gland is consist of secretory parts called follicles filled with hormone

Answer 1

Storing colloid (thyroglobulin)

Question 2

Follicular cells produce two iodine-containing hormones

Answer 2

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 3

Thyroid gland carrier proteins

Answer 3

TBG- thyroxine binding globulin (70%-75%)
TBPA- thyroxine binding prealbumin/TTR transthyretin (10%-25%)
TBA- thyroxine binding albumin (10%)

Question 4

In the tissue, T4 is converted to T3

Answer 4

T4 99.97% : bound
0.03% : free
T3 99.7% : bound
0.3% : free

Question 5

Normal value of thyroid hormones

Answer 5

T3 - 7ug/dL
T4 - 0.24 ug/dL

Question 6

Primary cause of 1• hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

Grave’s disease
Autonomous production of thyroid nodules
Pituitary tumors
•less minor causes
Subacute thyroiditis

Question 7

Autoimmune disease leads to generalized overactivity

Answer 7

Grave’s disease/american thyroid association

Question 8

Secondary cause of 1• hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Iodide ingestion in excess
Thyroid carcinoma
Drug induced thyrotoxicosis

Question 9

Over stimulation of thyroid

Answer 9

Secondary hyperthyroidism

Question 10

Creates Ab that damage the thyroid gland

Answer 10

Hashimoto’s disease
(1• hypo)

Question 11

Blood tests po thyroid

Answer 11

TSH
Serum T4 & T3
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid immunity

Question 12

Other tools for thyroid tests

Answer 12

Nuclear medicine evaluation (X-ray)
Thyroid ultrasound
Fine needle aspiration

Question 13

Calcitonin is produced by

Answer 13

C-cells

Question 14

Parathyroid gland is consist of

Answer 14

tightly packed secretory cells covered by a thin CT

Question 15

PTH release is stimulated by

Answer 15

Hypocalcemia
- stimulates bone resorption by osteoclast

Question 16

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 16

80% due to parathyroid adenoma
Seen in kidney and bone disease

Question 17

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is due to

Answer 17

Due to vitamin D defficiency
Seen in chronic renal failure

Question 18

Aldosterone assay

Answer 18

Plasma (fasting)
3-4 times higher in pregnant px
•Urine
24-hr specimen in 10 g boric acid to maintain <7.5

Question 19

Laboratory assay for cushing’s syndrome

Answer 19

Dexamanthasone suppression
Suppressed=normal
Not suppressed=cushing’s syndrome

Question 20

Pancreas
Endocrine cells : islets of langerhans

Answer 20

Alpha cells - glucagon
Beta cells-insulin
Delta cells-somatostatin
F cells- pancreatic peptide

Question 21

Other endocrine glands

Answer 21

Pineal gland
Thymus gland
Reproductive glands
Digestive organs
Heart
Kidney

Question 22

Production rate of E2 and E1

Answer 22

E2: 100-300 ug/dL (non pregnant women)
E1: 100-200ug/dL

Question 23

Persistent to hypocalcemia

Answer 23

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 24

Adrenal medulla secretes

Answer 24

CATHECOLAMINE
•epinephrine
•norepinephrine
•dopamine