Long-Term Memory: Structure Flashcards
(27 cards)
Define ‘long-term memory’
One of the stages in the modal model of memory that can hold information for long periods of time
Differentiate between STM/working and LTM
STM/Working: deals with what is happening in the present
LTM: provides relevant knowledge about what is happening
The serial position curve concluded that…
memory is better for words at the beginning and end of a list than for words in the middle
Why does the primacy effect state that we are more likely to remember words at the beginning of a sequence?
The first words receives all of our attention.
Why does the recency effect state that we are more likely to remember words at the end of a sequence?
The last words are the most recently presented and still in STM - therefore easy to remember.
Semantic coding
Coding in the mind in terms of meaning
Proactive interference
Illustrated by the Wickens experiment (fruit and professions)
Decrease in memory that occurs when previously learned information interferes with learning new information
Release from proactive interference
Conditions occur that eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance
Semantic coding in LTM
After listening to a passage, specific wording is forgotten but the general meaning can be remembered for a long time
Generally, semantic coding is the most likely form of coding for ____
LTM tasks
What part of the brain is important in forming new long-term memories?
Hippocampus
Patient HM and KF are cases distinguishing between the brain functions associated with STM and LTM that establish a _______
Double dissociation
STM and LTM are caused by different mechanisms in the brain
The defining property of the experience of episodic memory is that…
it involves mental time travel to re-experience events. AKA self-knowing or remembering
The experience of semantic memory involves…
accessing knowledge about the world that does not have to be tied to remembering personal experiences. AKA knowing
Two examples of how semantic and episodic memories are intertwined
- How knowledge (semantic) affects experience (episodic)
2. The makeup of autobiographical memory
Autobiographical memory
memory for specific events from a person’s life
Personal semantic memories
semantic components of autobiographical memories
Example of an autobiographically significant semantic memory
Being better able to recall the name of a popular singer (semantic) if you had went to one of their concerts (episodic)
Semanticization of remote memories
Loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events
Constructive episodic simulation hypothesis
Episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of future events
LTM can be divided into…
explicit and implicit memory
Explicit memories
Involves conscious recollections of events or facts of the past.
Episodic and semantic memory falls under this
Implicit memories
Occurs when an experience affects a person’s behaviour, even though the person is unaware
Procedural, priming, and conditioning fall under this
Procedural memory
Memory for how to carry out a skilled behaviour even though the person cannot explain how they do it
Experience-induced amnesia
