Long Test #3

Question 1

an interaction between two compounds or elements that forms new compounds

Answer 1

chemical reactions

Question 2

A + B -> AB

Answer 2

synthesis

Question 3

AB -> A + B

Answer 3

decomposition

Question 4

AC + B -> A + BC

Answer 4

single replacement

Question 5

AB + CD -> AD + CB

Answer 5

double replacement

Question 6

combining a compound with carbon or oxygen to form a flame; produces CO2 and H2O

Answer 6

combustion

Question 7

a type of chemical reaction that involves free radicals

Answer 7

polymerization

Question 8

a type of chemical reaction where structures are rearranged under the presence of heat

Answer 8

mallard reaction

Question 9

plants absorption of sunlight

Answer 9

photosynthesis

Question 10

the chemist’s dozen

Answer 10

moles

Question 11

Avogadro’s Number

Answer 11

6.022 x 10^23

Question 12

number used to convert number of atoms to moles

Answer 12

Avogadro’s number

Question 13

the mass of one mole of a substance

Answer 13

molar mass/atomic mass

Question 14

ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield

Answer 14

percent yield

Question 15

when one reactant isn’t enough; reagent that is lacking

Answer 15

limiting reagents

Question 16

sour taste, corrosive to metal, pH < 7

Answer 16

acids

Question 17

bitter taste, slippery surface, pH > 7

Answer 17

bases

Question 18

known as the universal solvent for acids and bases

Answer 18

water

Question 19

an acid or base that ionizes fully

Answer 19

strong acid/base

Question 20

an acid or base that ionizes partially

Answer 20

weak acid/base

Question 21

gains one charge from donating a proton

Answer 21

conjugate acid

Question 22

loses one charge from receiving a proton

Answer 22

conjugate base

Question 23

concentration of protons in a
solution

Answer 23

pH

Question 24

equation of pH

Answer 24

-log[H+]

Question 25

three examples of pH indicators

Answer 25

phenolphthalein, natural indicators, litmus paper

Question 26

theory that acids produce H+ and bases produce OH-

Answer 26

Arrhenius Theory

Question 27

theory that acids donate protons and bases accept them

Answer 27

Brønsted-Lowry Theory

Question 28

solution of a weak acid/base and its conjugate

Answer 28

buffer

Question 29

homogenous mixture of 2+ substances

Answer 29

solution

Question 30

the dissolved component in a solution

Answer 30

solute

Question 31

the dissolver in the solution

Answer 31

solvent

Question 32

the process of turning an acid and base into water and a salt

Answer 32

neutralization

Question 33

"like dissolves like"

Answer 33

polarity

Question 34

mixture of immiscible liquids

Answer 34

emulsions

Question 35

measure of solute in a solution

Answer 35

concentration

Question 36

quantitative measure of concentration

Answer 36

molarity

Question 37

diffusion of solvent with semipermeable membrane

Answer 37

osmosis

Question 38

loss of electrons during a reaction

Answer 38

oxidation

Question 39

gain of electrons during a reaction

Answer 39

reduction

Question 40

type of reaction involving the transfer of electrons

Answer 40

redox reactions

Question 41

reaction that absorbs heat, making surroundings cold

Answer 41

endothermic

Question 42

reaction that releases heat, making surroundings hot

Answer 42

exothermic

Question 43

if system A = C, and system B = C, then system A = B

Answer 43

0th Law of Thermodynamics

Question 44

energy can be converted from one type to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 44

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Question 45

state of entropy in an isolated universe increases over time

Answer 45

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 46

pure crystalline structure at absolute zero will have no entropy

Answer 46

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 47

measure of a system's thermal energy per unit; measurement of "randomness"

Answer 47

entropy

Question 48

original theory on gases, assumes that IMFA is ignores

Answer 48

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Question 49

four properties of gas

Answer 49

pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles

Question 50

pressure and volume in an INVERSE relationship

Answer 50

Boyle's Law

Question 51

volume and temperature in an DIRECT relationship

Answer 51

Charles's Law

Question 52

pressure and temperature in an DIRECT relationship

Answer 52

Gay-Lussac's Law

Question 53

volume and number of moles in an DIRECT relationship

Answer 53

Avogadro's Law

Question 54

combination of all gas laws

Answer 54

Ideal Gas Law

Question 55

aka Vaan Der Waals equation, puts IMFA into account

Answer 55

Real Gas Law

Question 56

substance that burns and gives off large amounts of energy

Answer 56

fuels