Loose papers - Syndormes and palsies

Question 1

Syndrome of the pyramidal tract lesion:

Answer 1

• increased muscle tone (spasticity)
• weakness of upper/lower/both limbs contralateral to the lesion
• exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
• exaggerated deep abdominal reflex on the same side on the same side as limb paresis/plegia
• decreased skin abdominal reflexes on the same side on the same side as limb paresis/plegia
• Babinski sign contralateral to the lesion

Question 2

Syndrome of the lower motor neuron lesion:

Answer 2

• muscle atrophy
• fasciculation and/or fibrillation in the affected muscle
• decreased muscle tone
• limb weakness
• decreased or absent muscle reflexes

Question 3

Syndrome of the internal capsule lesion:

Answer 3

• symptoms of the pyramidal tract damage
• hemianaesthesia contralateral to the lesion
• disturbed sensation on the face contralateral to the lesion (trigeminal nerve palsy)
• central paresis of the facial and hypoglossal nerve (contralateral to the lesion)
• deficit in a visual field if the lesion involves