low level laser therapy

Question 1

what does LASER mean

Answer 1

light amplified by stimulated emission of radiation

Question 2

exp the concept behind laser

Answer 2

photon from amplified light hits an excited atom = radiation

Question 3

compare normal light waves vs LASER waves in terms of wavelength

Answer 3

light - multiple wavelength

laser - monochromatic; same wavelength

Question 4

compare normal light waves vs LASER waves in terms of allignment of waves

Answer 4

light - diverged; not parallel

laser - collimated; parallel and non-divergin

Question 5

compare normal light waves vs LASER waves in terms of direction of waves

Answer 5

light - dispersed; multidirectional

laser - coherent; unidirectional

Question 6

exp spontaneous absorption

Answer 6

electron moves towards outer ring = absorbs radiation

Question 7

exp spontaneous emission

Answer 7

electron moves towards inner ring = creates radiation but not monochromatic

Question 8

exp stimulated emission

Answer 8

electron moves towards inner ring = creates radiation but is monochromatic

Question 9

longer wavelength = _____ freq

Answer 9

lower frequency

Question 10

shorter wavelength = _____ freq

Answer 10

higher frequency

Question 11

longer wavelength and lower freq = _____ penetration

Answer 11

DEEP; IR light - 2-4 cm

Question 12

shorter wavelength and higher freq = _____ penetration

Answer 12

superficial; red light - few mm

Question 13

what is power

Answer 13

rate of energy flow

Question 14

unit for power

Answer 14

mW

Question 15

what is power density

Answer 15

amount of power per unit area

Question 16

unit for power density

Answer 16

mW/cm^2

Question 17

maximum power density

Answer 17

100 mW/cm^2

Question 18

compare LLLT and HLLS in terms of OSHA classification

Answer 18

LLLT - 3B

HLLS - 4

Question 19

compare LLLT and HLLS in terms of single diode power

Answer 19

LLLT - ≤ 500 mW

HLLS - > 500 mW

Question 20

compare LLLT and HLLS in terms of use

Answer 20

LLLT - therapy

HLLS - surgery

Question 21

compare LLLT and HLLS in terms of physiologic effect

Answer 21

LLLT - Photobiomodulation

HLLS - Photothermal

Question 22

compare LLLT and HLLS in terms of therapeutic effect

Answer 22

LLLT - enhance cellular function

HLLS - cellular destruction

Question 23

what is energy

Answer 23

Energy (J) = Power (W) x Time (s)

Question 24

what is energy density or fluence

Answer 24

Energy Density (J/cm2) = Energy (J) / area of irradiation (cm2)

Question 25

therapeutic range of energy density

Answer 25

0.5 to 20 J/cm2

Question 26

discuss how LASER modulates the biological processes of the body

Answer 26

LASER light - chromophore activation - inc mitochondrial cytochrome oxidative metabolism = photobiomodulation

Question 27

discuss how LASER affects pain control

Answer 27

analgesia effect or alters NCV

Question 28

discuss how LASER affects inflammation control

Answer 28

inhibits bacterial growth controls inflammation promoted vasodilation of small blood vessels

Question 29

discuss how LASER affects wound healing

Answer 29

inc collagen and protein synthesis enhanced cell metabolism - ATP and RNA nerve regeneration

Question 30

indication of LASER

Answer 30

Dermal wounds Tendinopathies Myofascial / trigger points Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis TMJ disorders Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 31

contraindications of LASER

Answer 31

over eyes malignancy within 4-6 months of radiotherapy hemorrhage over thyroid low back or abdomen of pregnant epilepsy pacemakers

Question 32

precautions of LASER

Answer 32

epiphyseal plates of children impaired sensation and mentation photophobia

Question 33

techniques of application

Answer 33

stationary w contact stationary w non-contact gridding or point by point scanning

Question 34

what is the preferred method if application

Answer 34

stationary w contact

Question 35

energy density for tissue healing

Answer 35

5-16 J/cm2

Question 36

energy density for fracture healing

Answer 36

5-16 J/cm2

Question 37

energy density for acute arthritis

Answer 37

2-4 J/cm2

Question 38

energy density for chronic arthritis

Answer 38

4-8 J/cm2

Question 39

energy density for lymphedema

Answer 39

1.5 J/cm2

Question 40

energy density for neuropathy

Answer 40

10-12 J/cm2

Question 41

energy density for acute soft tissue inflammation

Answer 41

2-8 J/cm2

Question 42

energy density for chronic soft tissue inflammation

Answer 42

10-20 J/cm2